1 00:00:06,879 --> 00:00:09,350 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host for 2 00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:09,360 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host for 3 00:00:09,360 --> 00:00:12,230 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host for our series 25 years of progress 4 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:12,240 our series 25 years of progress 5 00:00:12,240 --> 00:00:14,310 our series 25 years of progress during this 13 part series we see some 6 00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:14,320 during this 13 part series we see some 7 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:16,470 during this 13 part series we see some of the highlights of nasa the national 8 00:00:16,470 --> 00:00:16,480 of the highlights of nasa the national 9 00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:18,790 of the highlights of nasa the national aeronautics and space administration 10 00:00:18,790 --> 00:00:18,800 aeronautics and space administration 11 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,029 aeronautics and space administration since its official founding on october 1 12 00:00:21,029 --> 00:00:21,039 since its official founding on october 1 13 00:00:21,039 --> 00:01:03,110 since its official founding on october 1 1958. 14 00:01:03,110 --> 00:01:03,120 15 00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:04,789 what is happening in other american 16 00:01:04,789 --> 00:01:04,799 what is happening in other american 17 00:01:04,799 --> 00:01:06,550 what is happening in other american science and medicine the year before 18 00:01:06,550 --> 00:01:06,560 science and medicine the year before 19 00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:08,469 science and medicine the year before nasa is born 20 00:01:08,469 --> 00:01:08,479 nasa is born 21 00:01:08,479 --> 00:01:09,630 nasa is born well 22 00:01:09,630 --> 00:01:09,640 well 23 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:12,469 well 1957 is the year the american cancer 24 00:01:12,469 --> 00:01:12,479 1957 is the year the american cancer 25 00:01:12,479 --> 00:01:14,870 1957 is the year the american cancer society reports a high correlation 26 00:01:14,870 --> 00:01:14,880 society reports a high correlation 27 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:16,710 society reports a high correlation between cigarette smoking and lung 28 00:01:16,710 --> 00:01:16,720 between cigarette smoking and lung 29 00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:18,070 between cigarette smoking and lung cancer 30 00:01:18,070 --> 00:01:18,080 cancer 31 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:20,710 cancer and new element nubellium 102 is 32 00:01:20,710 --> 00:01:20,720 and new element nubellium 102 is 33 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:22,550 and new element nubellium 102 is disclosed by the argonne national 34 00:01:22,550 --> 00:01:22,560 disclosed by the argonne national 35 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:32,550 disclosed by the argonne national laboratory in lamont illinois 36 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:32,560 37 00:01:32,560 --> 00:01:36,390 and overseas on october 4 1957 38 00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:36,400 and overseas on october 4 1957 39 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:39,429 and overseas on october 4 1957 the soviet union launches sputnik 1 the 40 00:01:39,429 --> 00:01:39,439 the soviet union launches sputnik 1 the 41 00:01:39,439 --> 00:01:47,350 the soviet union launches sputnik 1 the first artificial satellite 42 00:01:47,350 --> 00:01:47,360 43 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:49,030 the soviets launch is for the 44 00:01:49,030 --> 00:01:49,040 the soviets launch is for the 45 00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:52,630 the soviets launch is for the international geophysical year or igy 46 00:01:52,630 --> 00:01:52,640 international geophysical year or igy 47 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,350 international geophysical year or igy the geophysical year is 18 months from 48 00:01:55,350 --> 00:01:55,360 the geophysical year is 18 months from 49 00:01:55,360 --> 00:01:59,510 the geophysical year is 18 months from july 1957 to december 1958 50 00:01:59,510 --> 00:01:59,520 july 1957 to december 1958 51 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:02,310 july 1957 to december 1958 more than 70 nations and as many as 30 52 00:02:02,310 --> 00:02:02,320 more than 70 nations and as many as 30 53 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:05,030 more than 70 nations and as many as 30 000 scientists cooperate to investigate 54 00:02:05,030 --> 00:02:05,040 000 scientists cooperate to investigate 55 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:34,869 000 scientists cooperate to investigate the world and its environment 56 00:02:34,869 --> 00:02:34,879 57 00:02:34,879 --> 00:02:37,270 sputnik one concerns americans because 58 00:02:37,270 --> 00:02:37,280 sputnik one concerns americans because 59 00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:39,750 sputnik one concerns americans because of far-reaching military and technical 60 00:02:39,750 --> 00:02:39,760 of far-reaching military and technical 61 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:41,830 of far-reaching military and technical implications of the launch 62 00:02:41,830 --> 00:02:41,840 implications of the launch 63 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:43,350 implications of the launch less than a month after the first 64 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:43,360 less than a month after the first 65 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:45,589 less than a month after the first sputnik the russians launch a second 66 00:02:45,589 --> 00:02:45,599 sputnik the russians launch a second 67 00:02:45,599 --> 00:02:47,990 sputnik the russians launch a second sputnik which weighs about a half a ton 68 00:02:47,990 --> 00:02:48,000 sputnik which weighs about a half a ton 69 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:55,589 sputnik which weighs about a half a ton and carries a dog as a passenger 70 00:02:55,589 --> 00:02:55,599 71 00:02:55,599 --> 00:02:57,670 the second sputnik causes even more 72 00:02:57,670 --> 00:02:57,680 the second sputnik causes even more 73 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:00,150 the second sputnik causes even more concern in america because of the large 74 00:03:00,150 --> 00:03:00,160 concern in america because of the large 75 00:03:00,160 --> 00:03:02,309 concern in america because of the large size of the satellite 76 00:03:02,309 --> 00:03:02,319 size of the satellite 77 00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:05,350 size of the satellite during igy the united states plans to 78 00:03:05,350 --> 00:03:05,360 during igy the united states plans to 79 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:07,670 during igy the united states plans to launch a vanguard satellite which weighs 80 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:07,680 launch a vanguard satellite which weighs 81 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:10,229 launch a vanguard satellite which weighs just a little over three pounds 82 00:03:10,229 --> 00:03:10,239 just a little over three pounds 83 00:03:10,239 --> 00:03:11,990 just a little over three pounds the attempt to launch the vanguard on 84 00:03:11,990 --> 00:03:12,000 the attempt to launch the vanguard on 85 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,390 the attempt to launch the vanguard on december 6 1957 86 00:03:14,390 --> 00:03:14,400 december 6 1957 87 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:16,710 december 6 1957 ends in failure and a ball of flame and 88 00:03:16,710 --> 00:03:16,720 ends in failure and a ball of flame and 89 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:30,390 ends in failure and a ball of flame and wreckage 90 00:03:30,390 --> 00:03:30,400 91 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:32,149 t keith glennon is the first 92 00:03:32,149 --> 00:03:32,159 t keith glennon is the first 93 00:03:32,159 --> 00:03:34,070 t keith glennon is the first administrator of nasa 94 00:03:34,070 --> 00:03:34,080 administrator of nasa 95 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:36,869 administrator of nasa he is asked why nasa was formed 96 00:03:36,869 --> 00:03:36,879 he is asked why nasa was formed 97 00:03:36,879 --> 00:03:37,990 he is asked why nasa was formed that's a 98 00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:38,000 that's a 99 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:39,030 that's a fairly 100 00:03:39,030 --> 00:03:39,040 fairly 101 00:03:39,040 --> 00:03:42,149 fairly easy question to answer 102 00:03:42,149 --> 00:03:42,159 easy question to answer 103 00:03:42,159 --> 00:03:43,670 easy question to answer sputnik 104 00:03:43,670 --> 00:03:43,680 sputnik 105 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:47,270 sputnik on october 4th 1957 as i recall 106 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:47,280 on october 4th 1957 as i recall 107 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:48,710 on october 4th 1957 as i recall the russians 108 00:03:48,710 --> 00:03:48,720 the russians 109 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:50,550 the russians launched a 110 00:03:50,550 --> 00:03:50,560 launched a 111 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:52,710 launched a fairly heavy object 112 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:52,720 fairly heavy object 113 00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:54,149 fairly heavy object into orbit 114 00:03:54,149 --> 00:03:54,159 into orbit 115 00:03:54,159 --> 00:03:58,390 into orbit and that caught us really by surprise 116 00:03:58,390 --> 00:03:58,400 and that caught us really by surprise 117 00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:00,630 and that caught us really by surprise the vanguard project had gotten underway 118 00:04:00,630 --> 00:04:00,640 the vanguard project had gotten underway 119 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:04,550 the vanguard project had gotten underway in 1955 as i recall it uh part of the 120 00:04:04,550 --> 00:04:04,560 in 1955 as i recall it uh part of the 121 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:07,350 in 1955 as i recall it uh part of the igy program international geophysical 122 00:04:07,350 --> 00:04:07,360 igy program international geophysical 123 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:10,229 igy program international geophysical year program but it wasn't anywhere near 124 00:04:10,229 --> 00:04:10,239 year program but it wasn't anywhere near 125 00:04:10,239 --> 00:04:12,229 year program but it wasn't anywhere near uh ready 126 00:04:12,229 --> 00:04:12,239 uh ready 127 00:04:12,239 --> 00:04:13,350 uh ready they had 128 00:04:13,350 --> 00:04:13,360 they had 129 00:04:13,360 --> 00:04:16,069 they had i think scheduled some launches late 130 00:04:16,069 --> 00:04:16,079 i think scheduled some launches late 131 00:04:16,079 --> 00:04:17,270 i think scheduled some launches late that year 132 00:04:17,270 --> 00:04:17,280 that year 133 00:04:17,280 --> 00:04:19,349 that year that is in 1958 134 00:04:19,349 --> 00:04:19,359 that is in 1958 135 00:04:19,359 --> 00:04:21,030 that is in 1958 but it wasn't clear that they were going 136 00:04:21,030 --> 00:04:21,040 but it wasn't clear that they were going 137 00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:23,110 but it wasn't clear that they were going to be able to fly them 138 00:04:23,110 --> 00:04:23,120 to be able to fly them 139 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:25,270 to be able to fly them there was another 140 00:04:25,270 --> 00:04:25,280 there was another 141 00:04:25,280 --> 00:04:27,749 there was another competitor which had really never been 142 00:04:27,749 --> 00:04:27,759 competitor which had really never been 143 00:04:27,759 --> 00:04:30,390 competitor which had really never been recognized that was the army 144 00:04:30,390 --> 00:04:30,400 recognized that was the army 145 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:31,909 recognized that was the army with their 146 00:04:31,909 --> 00:04:31,919 with their 147 00:04:31,919 --> 00:04:33,590 with their jupiter 148 00:04:33,590 --> 00:04:33,600 jupiter 149 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:35,430 jupiter which together with some 150 00:04:35,430 --> 00:04:35,440 which together with some 151 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:37,430 which together with some upper stage 152 00:04:37,430 --> 00:04:37,440 upper stage 153 00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:39,430 upper stage solid rockets developed by the jet 154 00:04:39,430 --> 00:04:39,440 solid rockets developed by the jet 155 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,189 solid rockets developed by the jet propulsion laboratory in 156 00:04:41,189 --> 00:04:41,199 propulsion laboratory in 157 00:04:41,199 --> 00:04:43,189 propulsion laboratory in california 158 00:04:43,189 --> 00:04:43,199 california 159 00:04:43,199 --> 00:04:45,030 california finally was the 160 00:04:45,030 --> 00:04:45,040 finally was the 161 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:48,550 finally was the vehicle which was which launched a 162 00:04:48,550 --> 00:04:48,560 vehicle which was which launched a 163 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:50,230 vehicle which was which launched a satellite for the us 164 00:04:50,230 --> 00:04:50,240 satellite for the us 165 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:52,390 satellite for the us early in 1959 166 00:04:52,390 --> 00:04:52,400 early in 1959 167 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:54,629 early in 1959 and the satellite was called explorer 168 00:04:54,629 --> 00:04:54,639 and the satellite was called explorer 169 00:04:54,639 --> 00:04:57,830 and the satellite was called explorer one 170 00:04:57,830 --> 00:04:57,840 171 00:04:57,840 --> 00:05:03,270 let's go back to after sputnik success 172 00:05:03,270 --> 00:05:03,280 173 00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:08,070 and vanguard spectacular failure 174 00:05:08,070 --> 00:05:08,080 175 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:10,629 when major general john medeiros and dr 176 00:05:10,629 --> 00:05:10,639 when major general john medeiros and dr 177 00:05:10,639 --> 00:05:12,790 when major general john medeiros and dr verner von braun and their team at the 178 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:12,800 verner von braun and their team at the 179 00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:15,189 verner von braun and their team at the army redstone arsenal are given their 180 00:05:15,189 --> 00:05:15,199 army redstone arsenal are given their 181 00:05:15,199 --> 00:05:16,950 army redstone arsenal are given their long sought chance 182 00:05:16,950 --> 00:05:16,960 long sought chance 183 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:18,790 long sought chance a go-ahead to launch an american 184 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:18,800 a go-ahead to launch an american 185 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:21,350 a go-ahead to launch an american satellite 186 00:05:21,350 --> 00:05:21,360 satellite 187 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:22,870 satellite they will use their flight proven 188 00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:22,880 they will use their flight proven 189 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:26,870 they will use their flight proven jupiter c rocket launcher 190 00:05:26,870 --> 00:05:26,880 191 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:29,270 we are at cape canaveral in late january 192 00:05:29,270 --> 00:05:29,280 we are at cape canaveral in late january 193 00:05:29,280 --> 00:05:30,870 we are at cape canaveral in late january 1958 194 00:05:30,870 --> 00:05:30,880 1958 195 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:32,950 1958 as the covered satellite is placed atop 196 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:32,960 as the covered satellite is placed atop 197 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:36,150 as the covered satellite is placed atop the jupiter c poised on pad 26 for 198 00:05:36,150 --> 00:05:36,160 the jupiter c poised on pad 26 for 199 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:44,390 the jupiter c poised on pad 26 for firing 200 00:05:44,390 --> 00:05:44,400 201 00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:46,870 explorer one is to be about 30 pounds in 202 00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:46,880 explorer one is to be about 30 pounds in 203 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:47,830 explorer one is to be about 30 pounds in orbit 204 00:05:47,830 --> 00:05:47,840 orbit 205 00:05:47,840 --> 00:05:49,830 orbit severe winds and law force a two-day 206 00:05:49,830 --> 00:05:49,840 severe winds and law force a two-day 207 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:53,430 severe winds and law force a two-day postponement 208 00:05:53,430 --> 00:05:53,440 209 00:05:53,440 --> 00:05:57,189 then on january 31st 1958 the united 210 00:05:57,189 --> 00:05:57,199 then on january 31st 1958 the united 211 00:05:57,199 --> 00:05:59,110 then on january 31st 1958 the united states answers the soviet challenge in 212 00:05:59,110 --> 00:05:59,120 states answers the soviet challenge in 213 00:05:59,120 --> 00:06:09,510 states answers the soviet challenge in space 214 00:06:09,510 --> 00:06:09,520 215 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:11,990 explorer makes a major discovery a 216 00:06:11,990 --> 00:06:12,000 explorer makes a major discovery a 217 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:14,550 explorer makes a major discovery a radiation belt around the earth 218 00:06:14,550 --> 00:06:14,560 radiation belt around the earth 219 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,870 radiation belt around the earth dr james van allen of the university of 220 00:06:16,870 --> 00:06:16,880 dr james van allen of the university of 221 00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:19,590 dr james van allen of the university of iowa identifies the region 222 00:06:19,590 --> 00:06:19,600 iowa identifies the region 223 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:21,430 iowa identifies the region the discovery of the van allen belt is 224 00:06:21,430 --> 00:06:21,440 the discovery of the van allen belt is 225 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:22,710 the discovery of the van allen belt is an important finding of the 226 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:22,720 an important finding of the 227 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:25,350 an important finding of the international geophysical year 228 00:06:25,350 --> 00:06:25,360 international geophysical year 229 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:27,749 international geophysical year during a satellite television program 230 00:06:27,749 --> 00:06:27,759 during a satellite television program 231 00:06:27,759 --> 00:06:30,150 during a satellite television program broadcast in 1978 232 00:06:30,150 --> 00:06:30,160 broadcast in 1978 233 00:06:30,160 --> 00:06:32,629 broadcast in 1978 dr ernst stewlinger director of science 234 00:06:32,629 --> 00:06:32,639 dr ernst stewlinger director of science 235 00:06:32,639 --> 00:06:34,390 dr ernst stewlinger director of science for dr verner von braun 236 00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:34,400 for dr verner von braun 237 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:36,390 for dr verner von braun makes this statement about the launch of 238 00:06:36,390 --> 00:06:36,400 makes this statement about the launch of 239 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:40,070 makes this statement about the launch of explorer one 240 00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:40,080 241 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:41,590 it was a gate 242 00:06:41,590 --> 00:06:41,600 it was a gate 243 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:45,270 it was a gate that opened into a new land 244 00:06:45,270 --> 00:06:45,280 that opened into a new land 245 00:06:45,280 --> 00:06:47,430 that opened into a new land we hoped at that time 246 00:06:47,430 --> 00:06:47,440 we hoped at that time 247 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:50,230 we hoped at that time that we will make progress 248 00:06:50,230 --> 00:06:50,240 that we will make progress 249 00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:51,029 that we will make progress and 250 00:06:51,029 --> 00:06:51,039 and 251 00:06:51,039 --> 00:06:55,029 and achieve many more things in space 252 00:06:55,029 --> 00:06:55,039 achieve many more things in space 253 00:06:55,039 --> 00:06:58,309 achieve many more things in space beyond launching a small satellite 254 00:06:58,309 --> 00:06:58,319 beyond launching a small satellite 255 00:06:58,319 --> 00:06:59,029 beyond launching a small satellite i 256 00:06:59,029 --> 00:06:59,039 i 257 00:06:59,039 --> 00:07:01,270 i want to be honest though and say that at 258 00:07:01,270 --> 00:07:01,280 want to be honest though and say that at 259 00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:03,909 want to be honest though and say that at that time we did even not 260 00:07:03,909 --> 00:07:03,919 that time we did even not 261 00:07:03,919 --> 00:07:06,790 that time we did even not think it possible that 20 years later 262 00:07:06,790 --> 00:07:06,800 think it possible that 20 years later 263 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:09,749 think it possible that 20 years later there may have been 12 men 264 00:07:09,749 --> 00:07:09,759 there may have been 12 men 265 00:07:09,759 --> 00:07:12,469 there may have been 12 men walking on the moon and coming back to 266 00:07:12,469 --> 00:07:12,479 walking on the moon and coming back to 267 00:07:12,479 --> 00:07:13,350 walking on the moon and coming back to earth 268 00:07:13,350 --> 00:07:13,360 earth 269 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:15,270 earth in good shape 270 00:07:15,270 --> 00:07:15,280 in good shape 271 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:18,070 in good shape many of the dreams which we had at that 272 00:07:18,070 --> 00:07:18,080 many of the dreams which we had at that 273 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:19,029 many of the dreams which we had at that time 274 00:07:19,029 --> 00:07:19,039 time 275 00:07:19,039 --> 00:07:20,629 time were fulfilled 276 00:07:20,629 --> 00:07:20,639 were fulfilled 277 00:07:20,639 --> 00:07:22,629 were fulfilled but many other dreams 278 00:07:22,629 --> 00:07:22,639 but many other dreams 279 00:07:22,639 --> 00:07:24,230 but many other dreams which 280 00:07:24,230 --> 00:07:24,240 which 281 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:26,790 which meant many many achievements were 282 00:07:26,790 --> 00:07:26,800 meant many many achievements were 283 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:29,270 meant many many achievements were accomplished which we even did not dare 284 00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:29,280 accomplished which we even did not dare 285 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:31,909 accomplished which we even did not dare to dream at that time 286 00:07:31,909 --> 00:07:31,919 to dream at that time 287 00:07:31,919 --> 00:07:34,790 to dream at that time however when we look forward now 288 00:07:34,790 --> 00:07:34,800 however when we look forward now 289 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:37,350 however when we look forward now toward the next 20 years i have the 290 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:37,360 toward the next 20 years i have the 291 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:41,510 toward the next 20 years i have the feeling that the best is yet to come 292 00:07:41,510 --> 00:07:41,520 feeling that the best is yet to come 293 00:07:41,520 --> 00:07:43,510 feeling that the best is yet to come the united states space effort before 294 00:07:43,510 --> 00:07:43,520 the united states space effort before 295 00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:46,390 the united states space effort before the launch of explorer 1 is fragmented 296 00:07:46,390 --> 00:07:46,400 the launch of explorer 1 is fragmented 297 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,749 the launch of explorer 1 is fragmented navy army air force national science 298 00:07:49,749 --> 00:07:49,759 navy army air force national science 299 00:07:49,759 --> 00:07:52,469 navy army air force national science academy and naca 300 00:07:52,469 --> 00:07:52,479 academy and naca 301 00:07:52,479 --> 00:07:54,309 academy and naca president eisenhower appoints james 302 00:07:54,309 --> 00:07:54,319 president eisenhower appoints james 303 00:07:54,319 --> 00:07:56,790 president eisenhower appoints james killian to be science advisor just after 304 00:07:56,790 --> 00:07:56,800 killian to be science advisor just after 305 00:07:56,800 --> 00:07:58,790 killian to be science advisor just after the first sputnik launch 306 00:07:58,790 --> 00:07:58,800 the first sputnik launch 307 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:00,629 the first sputnik launch keith glennon recollects the writing of 308 00:08:00,629 --> 00:08:00,639 keith glennon recollects the writing of 309 00:08:00,639 --> 00:08:03,189 keith glennon recollects the writing of the space act which forms nasa my 310 00:08:03,189 --> 00:08:03,199 the space act which forms nasa my 311 00:08:03,199 --> 00:08:06,710 the space act which forms nasa my recollection would be that mr killian 312 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:06,720 recollection would be that mr killian 313 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:08,790 recollection would be that mr killian who was the president's science advisor 314 00:08:08,790 --> 00:08:08,800 who was the president's science advisor 315 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:11,029 who was the president's science advisor had been appointed almost immediately 316 00:08:11,029 --> 00:08:11,039 had been appointed almost immediately 317 00:08:11,039 --> 00:08:13,029 had been appointed almost immediately following the 318 00:08:13,029 --> 00:08:13,039 following the 319 00:08:13,039 --> 00:08:15,589 following the launch of sputnik 320 00:08:15,589 --> 00:08:15,599 launch of sputnik 321 00:08:15,599 --> 00:08:18,070 launch of sputnik and psac the president's science 322 00:08:18,070 --> 00:08:18,080 and psac the president's science 323 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:21,189 and psac the president's science advisory committee and i suspect 324 00:08:21,189 --> 00:08:21,199 advisory committee and i suspect 325 00:08:21,199 --> 00:08:24,830 advisory committee and i suspect mr lyndon johnson on the hill 326 00:08:24,830 --> 00:08:24,840 327 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:28,550 did a sort of a 328 00:08:28,550 --> 00:08:28,560 did a sort of a 329 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:30,950 did a sort of a cooperative job in putting together the 330 00:08:30,950 --> 00:08:30,960 cooperative job in putting together the 331 00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:32,389 cooperative job in putting together the space act 332 00:08:32,389 --> 00:08:32,399 space act 333 00:08:32,399 --> 00:08:33,430 space act they had 334 00:08:33,430 --> 00:08:33,440 they had 335 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:34,790 they had as a model 336 00:08:34,790 --> 00:08:34,800 as a model 337 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,430 as a model the atomic energy act 338 00:08:37,430 --> 00:08:37,440 the atomic energy act 339 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:39,670 the atomic energy act and indeed if you compare the two you 340 00:08:39,670 --> 00:08:39,680 and indeed if you compare the two you 341 00:08:39,680 --> 00:08:40,469 and indeed if you compare the two you find 342 00:08:40,469 --> 00:08:40,479 find 343 00:08:40,479 --> 00:08:42,790 find a good deal of similarity in many of the 344 00:08:42,790 --> 00:08:42,800 a good deal of similarity in many of the 345 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:45,590 a good deal of similarity in many of the clauses in the two acts 346 00:08:45,590 --> 00:08:45,600 clauses in the two acts 347 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:47,190 clauses in the two acts well what were the major implications of 348 00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:47,200 well what were the major implications of 349 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:48,949 well what were the major implications of the space act 350 00:08:48,949 --> 00:08:48,959 the space act 351 00:08:48,959 --> 00:08:51,110 the space act they simply said that we were to 352 00:08:51,110 --> 00:08:51,120 they simply said that we were to 353 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,030 they simply said that we were to pursue 354 00:08:53,030 --> 00:08:53,040 pursue 355 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:54,949 pursue the development of 356 00:08:54,949 --> 00:08:54,959 the development of 357 00:08:54,959 --> 00:08:56,949 the development of activities in space 358 00:08:56,949 --> 00:08:56,959 activities in space 359 00:08:56,959 --> 00:09:00,389 activities in space for the benefit of all mankind 360 00:09:00,389 --> 00:09:00,399 for the benefit of all mankind 361 00:09:00,399 --> 00:09:03,030 for the benefit of all mankind we were to 362 00:09:03,030 --> 00:09:03,040 363 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,389 do it as a civilian agency 364 00:09:06,389 --> 00:09:06,399 do it as a civilian agency 365 00:09:06,399 --> 00:09:09,269 do it as a civilian agency we were to be uh responsive to the 366 00:09:09,269 --> 00:09:09,279 we were to be uh responsive to the 367 00:09:09,279 --> 00:09:11,269 we were to be uh responsive to the military in the sense that 368 00:09:11,269 --> 00:09:11,279 military in the sense that 369 00:09:11,279 --> 00:09:14,470 military in the sense that if we found in our developments 370 00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:14,480 if we found in our developments 371 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:15,350 if we found in our developments some 372 00:09:15,350 --> 00:09:15,360 some 373 00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:18,230 some gadgets some uh information that would 374 00:09:18,230 --> 00:09:18,240 gadgets some uh information that would 375 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:20,550 gadgets some uh information that would be of value to the military 376 00:09:20,550 --> 00:09:20,560 be of value to the military 377 00:09:20,560 --> 00:09:23,430 be of value to the military we are bound to give it to them and that 378 00:09:23,430 --> 00:09:23,440 we are bound to give it to them and that 379 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:25,190 we are bound to give it to them and that that was really the 380 00:09:25,190 --> 00:09:25,200 that was really the 381 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:27,350 that was really the the thrust of this 382 00:09:27,350 --> 00:09:27,360 the thrust of this 383 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:28,790 the thrust of this act 384 00:09:28,790 --> 00:09:28,800 act 385 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:31,910 act we were also uh 386 00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:31,920 we were also uh 387 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:33,990 we were also uh told that we should 388 00:09:33,990 --> 00:09:34,000 told that we should 389 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:37,030 told that we should pursue international activities and this 390 00:09:37,030 --> 00:09:37,040 pursue international activities and this 391 00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:38,949 pursue international activities and this is i think an extension of this for the 392 00:09:38,949 --> 00:09:38,959 is i think an extension of this for the 393 00:09:38,959 --> 00:09:41,910 is i think an extension of this for the benefit of all mankind 394 00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:41,920 benefit of all mankind 395 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:43,910 benefit of all mankind the space act is signed into law by 396 00:09:43,910 --> 00:09:43,920 the space act is signed into law by 397 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:47,829 the space act is signed into law by president eisenhower on july 29 1958 and 398 00:09:47,829 --> 00:09:47,839 president eisenhower on july 29 1958 and 399 00:09:47,839 --> 00:09:50,310 president eisenhower on july 29 1958 and on october 1 1958 400 00:09:50,310 --> 00:09:50,320 on october 1 1958 401 00:09:50,320 --> 00:09:52,310 on october 1 1958 nasa comes into being 402 00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:52,320 nasa comes into being 403 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:54,630 nasa comes into being glennon recalls eisenhower's feelings 404 00:09:54,630 --> 00:09:54,640 glennon recalls eisenhower's feelings 405 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:55,990 glennon recalls eisenhower's feelings about space 406 00:09:55,990 --> 00:09:56,000 about space 407 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:58,710 about space he was not a space cadet he used to say 408 00:09:58,710 --> 00:09:58,720 he was not a space cadet he used to say 409 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:00,790 he was not a space cadet he used to say as he looked over his shoulder and said 410 00:10:00,790 --> 00:10:00,800 as he looked over his shoulder and said 411 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:02,470 as he looked over his shoulder and said you know keith that moon's been there a 412 00:10:02,470 --> 00:10:02,480 you know keith that moon's been there a 413 00:10:02,480 --> 00:10:04,710 you know keith that moon's been there a long time it's going to be there are 414 00:10:04,710 --> 00:10:04,720 long time it's going to be there are 415 00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:07,750 long time it's going to be there are great many eons yet and we'll get there 416 00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:07,760 great many eons yet and we'll get there 417 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:09,509 great many eons yet and we'll get there one day but it isn't necessary we break 418 00:10:09,509 --> 00:10:09,519 one day but it isn't necessary we break 419 00:10:09,519 --> 00:10:11,030 one day but it isn't necessary we break our necks and break the budget to get 420 00:10:11,030 --> 00:10:11,040 our necks and break the budget to get 421 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:13,110 our necks and break the budget to get there now okay what about congressional 422 00:10:13,110 --> 00:10:13,120 there now okay what about congressional 423 00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:14,630 there now okay what about congressional support at the time 424 00:10:14,630 --> 00:10:14,640 support at the time 425 00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:17,030 support at the time congressional support was really very 426 00:10:17,030 --> 00:10:17,040 congressional support was really very 427 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:19,990 congressional support was really very good as a matter of fact they were 428 00:10:19,990 --> 00:10:20,000 good as a matter of fact they were 429 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:21,590 good as a matter of fact they were pushing us 430 00:10:21,590 --> 00:10:21,600 pushing us 431 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:24,389 pushing us i don't think in my 20 months there that 432 00:10:24,389 --> 00:10:24,399 i don't think in my 20 months there that 433 00:10:24,399 --> 00:10:28,710 i don't think in my 20 months there that i ever had a budget proposed to them 434 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:28,720 i ever had a budget proposed to them 435 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:30,069 i ever had a budget proposed to them that they didn't want to add something 436 00:10:30,069 --> 00:10:30,079 that they didn't want to add something 437 00:10:30,079 --> 00:10:31,670 that they didn't want to add something to 438 00:10:31,670 --> 00:10:31,680 to 439 00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:32,389 to my 440 00:10:32,389 --> 00:10:32,399 my 441 00:10:32,399 --> 00:10:35,190 my stock answer was i have 442 00:10:35,190 --> 00:10:35,200 stock answer was i have 443 00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:37,509 stock answer was i have studied this we've presented you with a 444 00:10:37,509 --> 00:10:37,519 studied this we've presented you with a 445 00:10:37,519 --> 00:10:40,150 studied this we've presented you with a budget which is what we think we can 446 00:10:40,150 --> 00:10:40,160 budget which is what we think we can 447 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:42,230 budget which is what we think we can usefully use 448 00:10:42,230 --> 00:10:42,240 usefully use 449 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:43,910 usefully use if we need any more 450 00:10:43,910 --> 00:10:43,920 if we need any more 451 00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:45,910 if we need any more you may be certain i'll come right back 452 00:10:45,910 --> 00:10:45,920 you may be certain i'll come right back 453 00:10:45,920 --> 00:10:46,949 you may be certain i'll come right back to you 454 00:10:46,949 --> 00:10:46,959 to you 455 00:10:46,959 --> 00:10:48,790 to you that seemed to satisfy them 456 00:10:48,790 --> 00:10:48,800 that seemed to satisfy them 457 00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:51,269 that seemed to satisfy them before nasa is born keith glennon is 458 00:10:51,269 --> 00:10:51,279 before nasa is born keith glennon is 459 00:10:51,279 --> 00:10:52,790 before nasa is born keith glennon is president of case institute of 460 00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:52,800 president of case institute of 461 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:54,870 president of case institute of technology and former commissioner of 462 00:10:54,870 --> 00:10:54,880 technology and former commissioner of 463 00:10:54,880 --> 00:10:56,949 technology and former commissioner of the atomic energy commission 464 00:10:56,949 --> 00:10:56,959 the atomic energy commission 465 00:10:56,959 --> 00:10:59,269 the atomic energy commission then eisenhower nominates him to be 466 00:10:59,269 --> 00:10:59,279 then eisenhower nominates him to be 467 00:10:59,279 --> 00:11:02,790 then eisenhower nominates him to be first nasa administrator in august 1958 468 00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:02,800 first nasa administrator in august 1958 469 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:05,910 first nasa administrator in august 1958 with dr hugh dryden as deputy and nasa 470 00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:05,920 with dr hugh dryden as deputy and nasa 471 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:07,750 with dr hugh dryden as deputy and nasa is formed from the national advisory 472 00:11:07,750 --> 00:11:07,760 is formed from the national advisory 473 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:09,990 is formed from the national advisory committee for aeronautics glennon 474 00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:10,000 committee for aeronautics glennon 475 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:11,910 committee for aeronautics glennon explains 476 00:11:11,910 --> 00:11:11,920 explains 477 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:15,190 explains and we did inherit uh the 478 00:11:15,190 --> 00:11:15,200 and we did inherit uh the 479 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:17,110 and we did inherit uh the national advisory committee for 480 00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:17,120 national advisory committee for 481 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:18,630 national advisory committee for aeronautics 482 00:11:18,630 --> 00:11:18,640 aeronautics 483 00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:20,230 aeronautics operation 484 00:11:20,230 --> 00:11:20,240 operation 485 00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:21,269 operation uh 486 00:11:21,269 --> 00:11:21,279 uh 487 00:11:21,279 --> 00:11:23,590 uh naca as it was then called of which 488 00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:23,600 naca as it was then called of which 489 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:24,630 naca as it was then called of which lewis 490 00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:24,640 lewis 491 00:11:24,640 --> 00:11:27,110 lewis laboratories would won 492 00:11:27,110 --> 00:11:27,120 laboratories would won 493 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:28,710 laboratories would won there were uh 494 00:11:28,710 --> 00:11:28,720 there were uh 495 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,910 there were uh four or five such laboratories three big 496 00:11:31,910 --> 00:11:31,920 four or five such laboratories three big 497 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:35,110 four or five such laboratories three big ones ames langley and lewis 498 00:11:35,110 --> 00:11:35,120 ones ames langley and lewis 499 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:37,910 ones ames langley and lewis and one at wallops island in virginia 500 00:11:37,910 --> 00:11:37,920 and one at wallops island in virginia 501 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:41,030 and one at wallops island in virginia and one out in edwards air force base in 502 00:11:41,030 --> 00:11:41,040 and one out in edwards air force base in 503 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:42,470 and one out in edwards air force base in california 504 00:11:42,470 --> 00:11:42,480 california 505 00:11:42,480 --> 00:11:43,829 california but 506 00:11:43,829 --> 00:11:43,839 but 507 00:11:43,839 --> 00:11:45,829 but we had 8 000 508 00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:45,839 we had 8 000 509 00:11:45,839 --> 00:11:49,829 we had 8 000 well-trained loyal dedicated 510 00:11:49,829 --> 00:11:49,839 well-trained loyal dedicated 511 00:11:49,839 --> 00:11:50,710 well-trained loyal dedicated people 512 00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:50,720 people 513 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:52,710 people in naca 514 00:11:52,710 --> 00:11:52,720 in naca 515 00:11:52,720 --> 00:11:54,389 in naca and they formed 516 00:11:54,389 --> 00:11:54,399 and they formed 517 00:11:54,399 --> 00:11:57,430 and they formed the base on which we erected 518 00:11:57,430 --> 00:11:57,440 the base on which we erected 519 00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:01,590 the base on which we erected nasa so we were very well endowed 520 00:12:01,590 --> 00:12:01,600 nasa so we were very well endowed 521 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:05,509 nasa so we were very well endowed naca was formed in 1915 to supervise and 522 00:12:05,509 --> 00:12:05,519 naca was formed in 1915 to supervise and 523 00:12:05,519 --> 00:12:07,350 naca was formed in 1915 to supervise and direct the scientific study of the 524 00:12:07,350 --> 00:12:07,360 direct the scientific study of the 525 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:09,590 direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their 526 00:12:09,590 --> 00:12:09,600 problems of flight with a view to their 527 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:11,430 problems of flight with a view to their practical solution 528 00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:11,440 practical solution 529 00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:14,310 practical solution naca was required to direct and conduct 530 00:12:14,310 --> 00:12:14,320 naca was required to direct and conduct 531 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,870 naca was required to direct and conduct research and experiments in aeronautics 532 00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:16,880 research and experiments in aeronautics 533 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:18,790 research and experiments in aeronautics the committee was responsible for many 534 00:12:18,790 --> 00:12:18,800 the committee was responsible for many 535 00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:21,150 the committee was responsible for many of the advances in u.s aviation through 536 00:12:21,150 --> 00:12:21,160 of the advances in u.s aviation through 537 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:22,949 of the advances in u.s aviation through 1958 538 00:12:22,949 --> 00:12:22,959 1958 539 00:12:22,959 --> 00:12:24,790 1958 some space type research is done in 540 00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:24,800 some space type research is done in 541 00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:27,509 some space type research is done in later years but emphasis was on airplane 542 00:12:27,509 --> 00:12:27,519 later years but emphasis was on airplane 543 00:12:27,519 --> 00:12:28,550 later years but emphasis was on airplane research 544 00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:28,560 research 545 00:12:28,560 --> 00:12:30,949 research again glennon tells us what happened in 546 00:12:30,949 --> 00:12:30,959 again glennon tells us what happened in 547 00:12:30,959 --> 00:12:38,310 again glennon tells us what happened in naca space research naca had 548 00:12:38,310 --> 00:12:38,320 549 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:40,069 been doing development work largely at 550 00:12:40,069 --> 00:12:40,079 been doing development work largely at 551 00:12:40,079 --> 00:12:42,470 been doing development work largely at langley as i recall it 552 00:12:42,470 --> 00:12:42,480 langley as i recall it 553 00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:44,870 langley as i recall it on the shape of the capsule that might 554 00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:44,880 on the shape of the capsule that might 555 00:12:44,880 --> 00:12:45,910 on the shape of the capsule that might be used 556 00:12:45,910 --> 00:12:45,920 be used 557 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:48,710 be used in a an up and down flight like 558 00:12:48,710 --> 00:12:48,720 in a an up and down flight like 559 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:52,790 in a an up and down flight like actually mercury started out to be and 560 00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:52,800 actually mercury started out to be and 561 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:54,870 actually mercury started out to be and finally into an orbit 562 00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:54,880 finally into an orbit 563 00:12:54,880 --> 00:12:56,470 finally into an orbit the 564 00:12:56,470 --> 00:12:56,480 the 565 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:59,190 the problems of 566 00:12:59,190 --> 00:12:59,200 problems of 567 00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:02,710 problems of trying to get 568 00:13:02,710 --> 00:13:02,720 569 00:13:02,720 --> 00:13:05,350 adequately 570 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:05,360 adequately 571 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:08,870 adequately capable people in a variety of fields 572 00:13:08,870 --> 00:13:08,880 capable people in a variety of fields 573 00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:11,269 capable people in a variety of fields meant that we had to look 574 00:13:11,269 --> 00:13:11,279 meant that we had to look 575 00:13:11,279 --> 00:13:14,310 meant that we had to look other than in naca 576 00:13:14,310 --> 00:13:14,320 other than in naca 577 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:15,110 other than in naca and 578 00:13:15,110 --> 00:13:15,120 and 579 00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:18,310 and it became apparent very early on that 580 00:13:18,310 --> 00:13:18,320 it became apparent very early on that 581 00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:21,509 it became apparent very early on that our real limitations in the launch 582 00:13:21,509 --> 00:13:21,519 our real limitations in the launch 583 00:13:21,519 --> 00:13:23,990 our real limitations in the launch vehicle business the booster rocket as 584 00:13:23,990 --> 00:13:24,000 vehicle business the booster rocket as 585 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:25,750 vehicle business the booster rocket as we then called 586 00:13:25,750 --> 00:13:25,760 we then called 587 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:28,150 we then called we really didn't have any 588 00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:28,160 we really didn't have any 589 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:30,230 we really didn't have any we had been using sounding rockets small 590 00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:30,240 we had been using sounding rockets small 591 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:33,190 we had been using sounding rockets small things that went up and 592 00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:33,200 things that went up and 593 00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:35,269 things that went up and accumulated information 594 00:13:35,269 --> 00:13:35,279 accumulated information 595 00:13:35,279 --> 00:13:36,069 accumulated information and 596 00:13:36,069 --> 00:13:36,079 and 597 00:13:36,079 --> 00:13:38,629 and telemetered it back to the united to the 598 00:13:38,629 --> 00:13:38,639 telemetered it back to the united to the 599 00:13:38,639 --> 00:13:40,790 telemetered it back to the united to the ground but we didn't have anything it 600 00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:40,800 ground but we didn't have anything it 601 00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:42,870 ground but we didn't have anything it really would lift very much 602 00:13:42,870 --> 00:13:42,880 really would lift very much 603 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:46,310 really would lift very much with any degree of of surety 604 00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:46,320 with any degree of of surety 605 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:47,509 with any degree of of surety so 606 00:13:47,509 --> 00:13:47,519 so 607 00:13:47,519 --> 00:13:51,670 so i guess it was in probably in november 608 00:13:51,670 --> 00:13:51,680 i guess it was in probably in november 609 00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:54,829 i guess it was in probably in november might have been late october of 610 00:13:54,829 --> 00:13:54,839 might have been late october of 611 00:13:54,839 --> 00:13:56,389 might have been late october of 1958 612 00:13:56,389 --> 00:13:56,399 1958 613 00:13:56,399 --> 00:13:59,430 1958 that i made a trip to um 614 00:13:59,430 --> 00:13:59,440 that i made a trip to um 615 00:13:59,440 --> 00:14:00,870 that i made a trip to um to 616 00:14:00,870 --> 00:14:00,880 to 617 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:02,949 to huntsville with 618 00:14:02,949 --> 00:14:02,959 huntsville with 619 00:14:02,959 --> 00:14:05,269 huntsville with hugh dryden my deputy and one of the 620 00:14:05,269 --> 00:14:05,279 hugh dryden my deputy and one of the 621 00:14:05,279 --> 00:14:08,629 hugh dryden my deputy and one of the very very great men in this 622 00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:08,639 very very great men in this 623 00:14:08,639 --> 00:14:11,430 very very great men in this space program his name 624 00:14:11,430 --> 00:14:11,440 space program his name 625 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:15,670 space program his name cannot and will not ever be forgotten 626 00:14:15,670 --> 00:14:15,680 cannot and will not ever be forgotten 627 00:14:15,680 --> 00:14:16,710 cannot and will not ever be forgotten we 628 00:14:16,710 --> 00:14:16,720 we 629 00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:18,150 we came back 630 00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:18,160 came back 631 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:20,629 came back it's clear that von braun 632 00:14:20,629 --> 00:14:20,639 it's clear that von braun 633 00:14:20,639 --> 00:14:21,430 it's clear that von braun had 634 00:14:21,430 --> 00:14:21,440 had 635 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:22,629 had a real 636 00:14:22,629 --> 00:14:22,639 a real 637 00:14:22,639 --> 00:14:25,509 a real strong team there very capable we did 638 00:14:25,509 --> 00:14:25,519 strong team there very capable we did 639 00:14:25,519 --> 00:14:27,990 strong team there very capable we did try to get that 640 00:14:27,990 --> 00:14:28,000 try to get that 641 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,230 try to get that laboratory or part of it i didn't want 642 00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:30,240 laboratory or part of it i didn't want 643 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:31,670 laboratory or part of it i didn't want the whole thing 644 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:31,680 the whole thing 645 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:33,590 the whole thing they had work going on for the army the 646 00:14:33,590 --> 00:14:33,600 they had work going on for the army the 647 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:35,590 they had work going on for the army the pershing missile wasn't in 648 00:14:35,590 --> 00:14:35,600 pershing missile wasn't in 649 00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:37,990 pershing missile wasn't in development at the time 650 00:14:37,990 --> 00:14:38,000 development at the time 651 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:40,949 development at the time and they were they had as their 652 00:14:40,949 --> 00:14:40,959 and they were they had as their 653 00:14:40,959 --> 00:14:43,350 and they were they had as their really scientific support the jet 654 00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:43,360 really scientific support the jet 655 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:47,189 really scientific support the jet propulsion laboratory managed by the 656 00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:47,199 propulsion laboratory managed by the 657 00:14:47,199 --> 00:14:49,350 propulsion laboratory managed by the caltech out on the west coast 658 00:14:49,350 --> 00:14:49,360 caltech out on the west coast 659 00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:51,350 caltech out on the west coast near pasadena 660 00:14:51,350 --> 00:14:51,360 near pasadena 661 00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:53,590 near pasadena dr glennon is successful in his effort 662 00:14:53,590 --> 00:14:53,600 dr glennon is successful in his effort 663 00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:55,590 dr glennon is successful in his effort to continue the job of building the new 664 00:14:55,590 --> 00:14:55,600 to continue the job of building the new 665 00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:57,350 to continue the job of building the new nasa organization 666 00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:57,360 nasa organization 667 00:14:57,360 --> 00:14:59,910 nasa organization officials transfer jpl the jet 668 00:14:59,910 --> 00:14:59,920 officials transfer jpl the jet 669 00:14:59,920 --> 00:15:02,310 officials transfer jpl the jet propulsion laboratory in pasadena to 670 00:15:02,310 --> 00:15:02,320 propulsion laboratory in pasadena to 671 00:15:02,320 --> 00:15:04,470 propulsion laboratory in pasadena to nasa and the role of the california 672 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:04,480 nasa and the role of the california 673 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,350 nasa and the role of the california institute of technology as jpl manager 674 00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:07,360 institute of technology as jpl manager 675 00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:10,069 institute of technology as jpl manager continues about a year later officials 676 00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:10,079 continues about a year later officials 677 00:15:10,079 --> 00:15:11,990 continues about a year later officials transfer a large segment of the army 678 00:15:11,990 --> 00:15:12,000 transfer a large segment of the army 679 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,470 transfer a large segment of the army operation at huntsville to nasa and 680 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:14,480 operation at huntsville to nasa and 681 00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:16,550 operation at huntsville to nasa and workers build it into the marshall space 682 00:15:16,550 --> 00:15:16,560 workers build it into the marshall space 683 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:17,910 workers build it into the marshall space flight center 684 00:15:17,910 --> 00:15:17,920 flight center 685 00:15:17,920 --> 00:15:20,710 flight center only a week after nasa comes to life dr 686 00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:20,720 only a week after nasa comes to life dr 687 00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:23,189 only a week after nasa comes to life dr glennon approves the first u.s manned 688 00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:23,199 glennon approves the first u.s manned 689 00:15:23,199 --> 00:15:24,870 glennon approves the first u.s manned space flight program 690 00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:24,880 space flight program 691 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:30,069 space flight program project mercury 692 00:15:30,069 --> 00:15:30,079 693 00:15:30,079 --> 00:15:31,990 scientists developed the mercury capsule 694 00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:32,000 scientists developed the mercury capsule 695 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,470 scientists developed the mercury capsule shape through tests 696 00:15:36,470 --> 00:15:36,480 697 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:38,550 workers do wind tunnel tests as small 698 00:15:38,550 --> 00:15:38,560 workers do wind tunnel tests as small 699 00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:40,790 workers do wind tunnel tests as small and large scale models covering speeds 700 00:15:40,790 --> 00:15:40,800 and large scale models covering speeds 701 00:15:40,800 --> 00:15:43,269 and large scale models covering speeds from zero to eighteen thousand miles per 702 00:15:43,269 --> 00:15:43,279 from zero to eighteen thousand miles per 703 00:15:43,279 --> 00:15:47,750 from zero to eighteen thousand miles per hour 704 00:15:47,750 --> 00:15:47,760 705 00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:49,749 researchers fired small models of the 706 00:15:49,749 --> 00:15:49,759 researchers fired small models of the 707 00:15:49,759 --> 00:15:51,829 researchers fired small models of the capsule in the supersonic pre-flight 708 00:15:51,829 --> 00:15:51,839 capsule in the supersonic pre-flight 709 00:15:51,839 --> 00:16:06,230 capsule in the supersonic pre-flight ballistic gun range 710 00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:06,240 711 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:08,470 the gun sends the one-inch model down a 712 00:16:08,470 --> 00:16:08,480 the gun sends the one-inch model down a 713 00:16:08,480 --> 00:16:10,790 the gun sends the one-inch model down a 30-foot instrumented range of recording 714 00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:10,800 30-foot instrumented range of recording 715 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:11,990 30-foot instrumented range of recording stations 716 00:16:11,990 --> 00:16:12,000 stations 717 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:18,710 stations the model goes 10 000 miles per hour 718 00:16:18,710 --> 00:16:18,720 719 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:20,790 as a model speeds down the gun range 720 00:16:20,790 --> 00:16:20,800 as a model speeds down the gun range 721 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,350 as a model speeds down the gun range barrel photographs and shadow graphs are 722 00:16:23,350 --> 00:16:23,360 barrel photographs and shadow graphs are 723 00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:24,949 barrel photographs and shadow graphs are taken 724 00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:24,959 taken 725 00:16:24,959 --> 00:16:27,749 taken this shadow graph shows airflow around 726 00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:27,759 this shadow graph shows airflow around 727 00:16:27,759 --> 00:16:32,949 this shadow graph shows airflow around the model 728 00:16:32,949 --> 00:16:32,959 729 00:16:32,959 --> 00:16:35,189 workers develop boilerplate versions of 730 00:16:35,189 --> 00:16:35,199 workers develop boilerplate versions of 731 00:16:35,199 --> 00:16:38,470 workers develop boilerplate versions of the mercury capsules for tests 732 00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:38,480 the mercury capsules for tests 733 00:16:38,480 --> 00:16:40,710 the mercury capsules for tests this first test is a parachute drop test 734 00:16:40,710 --> 00:16:40,720 this first test is a parachute drop test 735 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:44,069 this first test is a parachute drop test from an air force c-130 736 00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:44,079 from an air force c-130 737 00:16:44,079 --> 00:16:45,990 from an air force c-130 the capsule slides out of the plane's 738 00:16:45,990 --> 00:16:46,000 the capsule slides out of the plane's 739 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,470 the capsule slides out of the plane's cargo door on a sled 740 00:16:48,470 --> 00:16:48,480 cargo door on a sled 741 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:56,790 cargo door on a sled the sled releases 742 00:16:56,790 --> 00:16:56,800 743 00:16:56,800 --> 00:17:30,950 a charge ejects a drogue parachute 744 00:17:30,950 --> 00:17:30,960 745 00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:33,350 not only is nasa working on manned space 746 00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:33,360 not only is nasa working on manned space 747 00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:35,590 not only is nasa working on manned space travel but from early on scientists 748 00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:35,600 travel but from early on scientists 749 00:17:35,600 --> 00:17:37,669 travel but from early on scientists launched space science probes 750 00:17:37,669 --> 00:17:37,679 launched space science probes 751 00:17:37,679 --> 00:17:39,750 launched space science probes workers launched the pioneer 1 probe 752 00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:39,760 workers launched the pioneer 1 probe 753 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:42,390 workers launched the pioneer 1 probe toward the moon about a week after nasa 754 00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:42,400 toward the moon about a week after nasa 755 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:43,909 toward the moon about a week after nasa comes into being 756 00:17:43,909 --> 00:17:43,919 comes into being 757 00:17:43,919 --> 00:17:46,390 comes into being a lunar tv scanner is a board 758 00:17:46,390 --> 00:17:46,400 a lunar tv scanner is a board 759 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:49,190 a lunar tv scanner is a board because of an error in burnout velocity 760 00:17:49,190 --> 00:17:49,200 because of an error in burnout velocity 761 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:51,029 because of an error in burnout velocity the probe does not reach the moon but 762 00:17:51,029 --> 00:17:51,039 the probe does not reach the moon but 763 00:17:51,039 --> 00:17:53,669 the probe does not reach the moon but reaches an altitude of almost 71 000 764 00:17:53,669 --> 00:17:53,679 reaches an altitude of almost 71 000 765 00:17:53,679 --> 00:17:55,750 reaches an altitude of almost 71 000 miles and the craft re-enters the 766 00:17:55,750 --> 00:17:55,760 miles and the craft re-enters the 767 00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,350 miles and the craft re-enters the earth's atmosphere over the south 768 00:17:57,350 --> 00:17:57,360 earth's atmosphere over the south 769 00:17:57,360 --> 00:18:01,110 earth's atmosphere over the south pacific on october 12 1958 770 00:18:01,110 --> 00:18:01,120 pacific on october 12 1958 771 00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:05,510 pacific on october 12 1958 glennon remembers that first pioneer 772 00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:05,520 773 00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:06,549 i guess 774 00:18:06,549 --> 00:18:06,559 i guess 775 00:18:06,559 --> 00:18:08,070 i guess we 776 00:18:08,070 --> 00:18:08,080 we 777 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:11,590 we sort of broke our pick on some of those 778 00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:11,600 sort of broke our pick on some of those 779 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:15,430 sort of broke our pick on some of those i recall 780 00:18:15,430 --> 00:18:15,440 781 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:18,870 those were the pioneers as i recall it 782 00:18:18,870 --> 00:18:18,880 those were the pioneers as i recall it 783 00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:19,830 those were the pioneers as i recall it and 784 00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:19,840 and 785 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:22,470 and i recall how how 786 00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:22,480 i recall how how 787 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:24,549 i recall how how overjoyed we were 788 00:18:24,549 --> 00:18:24,559 overjoyed we were 789 00:18:24,559 --> 00:18:27,270 overjoyed we were when we could talk to that 790 00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:27,280 when we could talk to that 791 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:29,110 when we could talk to that little bit of a thing it's about this 792 00:18:29,110 --> 00:18:29,120 little bit of a thing it's about this 793 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:31,909 little bit of a thing it's about this big 794 00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:31,919 795 00:18:31,919 --> 00:18:33,270 so passion 796 00:18:33,270 --> 00:18:33,280 so passion 797 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:36,150 so passion uh 200 000 miles out in space and get 798 00:18:36,150 --> 00:18:36,160 uh 200 000 miles out in space and get 799 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:37,990 uh 200 000 miles out in space and get the information back 800 00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:38,000 the information back 801 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,870 the information back it never did reach the moon or go into 802 00:18:40,870 --> 00:18:40,880 it never did reach the moon or go into 803 00:18:40,880 --> 00:18:43,510 it never did reach the moon or go into orbit around the moon it failed and fell 804 00:18:43,510 --> 00:18:43,520 orbit around the moon it failed and fell 805 00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:44,950 orbit around the moon it failed and fell back to earth 806 00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:44,960 back to earth 807 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:47,510 back to earth but at the same time the soviets could 808 00:18:47,510 --> 00:18:47,520 but at the same time the soviets could 809 00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:49,990 but at the same time the soviets could never talk to their birds more than 10 810 00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:50,000 never talk to their birds more than 10 811 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:51,350 never talk to their birds more than 10 000 miles up 812 00:18:51,350 --> 00:18:51,360 000 miles up 813 00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:54,150 000 miles up so we were beginning to get a little 814 00:18:54,150 --> 00:18:54,160 so we were beginning to get a little 815 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:57,350 so we were beginning to get a little sense that we were doing things right 816 00:18:57,350 --> 00:18:57,360 sense that we were doing things right 817 00:18:57,360 --> 00:18:59,830 sense that we were doing things right that we were getting better all the time 818 00:18:59,830 --> 00:18:59,840 that we were getting better all the time 819 00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:02,789 that we were getting better all the time and that was indeed the the objective of 820 00:19:02,789 --> 00:19:02,799 and that was indeed the the objective of 821 00:19:02,799 --> 00:19:04,870 and that was indeed the the objective of nasa in those days 822 00:19:04,870 --> 00:19:04,880 nasa in those days 823 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:07,029 nasa in those days push the state of the art as hard as you 824 00:19:07,029 --> 00:19:07,039 push the state of the art as hard as you 825 00:19:07,039 --> 00:19:07,990 push the state of the art as hard as you could 826 00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:08,000 could 827 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,350 could but don't waste your muscle 828 00:19:11,350 --> 00:19:11,360 but don't waste your muscle 829 00:19:11,360 --> 00:19:13,990 but don't waste your muscle the united states tries 37 satellite 830 00:19:13,990 --> 00:19:14,000 the united states tries 37 satellite 831 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,029 the united states tries 37 satellite launches by december 1959 832 00:19:17,029 --> 00:19:17,039 launches by december 1959 833 00:19:17,039 --> 00:19:19,270 launches by december 1959 less than a third are successful 834 00:19:19,270 --> 00:19:19,280 less than a third are successful 835 00:19:19,280 --> 00:19:22,150 less than a third are successful as a result nasa begins to instill a new 836 00:19:22,150 --> 00:19:22,160 as a result nasa begins to instill a new 837 00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:24,390 as a result nasa begins to instill a new sense of rigid quality control 838 00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:24,400 sense of rigid quality control 839 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:25,510 sense of rigid quality control to check 840 00:19:25,510 --> 00:19:25,520 to check 841 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:27,750 to check and check and check again rocket 842 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:27,760 and check and check again rocket 843 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:29,990 and check and check again rocket components wells 844 00:19:29,990 --> 00:19:30,000 components wells 845 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:34,070 components wells valves pumps materials and so on over 846 00:19:34,070 --> 00:19:34,080 valves pumps materials and so on over 847 00:19:34,080 --> 00:19:36,870 valves pumps materials and so on over time the quality control program works 848 00:19:36,870 --> 00:19:36,880 time the quality control program works 849 00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:38,470 time the quality control program works in other areas of science and 850 00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:38,480 in other areas of science and 851 00:19:38,480 --> 00:19:40,630 in other areas of science and engineering the first domestic jet 852 00:19:40,630 --> 00:19:40,640 engineering the first domestic jet 853 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:42,950 engineering the first domestic jet airline service begins between new york 854 00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:42,960 airline service begins between new york 855 00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:46,070 airline service begins between new york and miami on december 10 1958 856 00:19:46,070 --> 00:19:46,080 and miami on december 10 1958 857 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:49,510 and miami on december 10 1958 and in august 1959 plans to explore 858 00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:49,520 and in august 1959 plans to explore 859 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:52,870 and in august 1959 plans to explore antarctica in 1959 and 1960 are 860 00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:52,880 antarctica in 1959 and 1960 are 861 00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:56,710 antarctica in 1959 and 1960 are announced in september 1959 severo 862 00:19:56,710 --> 00:19:56,720 announced in september 1959 severo 863 00:19:56,720 --> 00:19:59,190 announced in september 1959 severo ochawa and arthur kornberg received the 864 00:19:59,190 --> 00:19:59,200 ochawa and arthur kornberg received the 865 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:01,750 ochawa and arthur kornberg received the nobel prize in medicine for chemical 866 00:20:01,750 --> 00:20:01,760 nobel prize in medicine for chemical 867 00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:03,270 nobel prize in medicine for chemical heredity work 868 00:20:03,270 --> 00:20:03,280 heredity work 869 00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:06,230 heredity work meanwhile the first seven u.s astronauts 870 00:20:06,230 --> 00:20:06,240 meanwhile the first seven u.s astronauts 871 00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:07,990 meanwhile the first seven u.s astronauts are chosen 872 00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:08,000 are chosen 873 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:11,590 are chosen early in 1959 nasa selects a team of 874 00:20:11,590 --> 00:20:11,600 early in 1959 nasa selects a team of 875 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:13,830 early in 1959 nasa selects a team of seven engineer pilots for project 876 00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:13,840 seven engineer pilots for project 877 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:15,350 seven engineer pilots for project mercury 878 00:20:15,350 --> 00:20:15,360 mercury 879 00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:19,510 mercury m scott carpenter l gordon cooper 880 00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:19,520 m scott carpenter l gordon cooper 881 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:21,029 m scott carpenter l gordon cooper john glenn 882 00:20:21,029 --> 00:20:21,039 john glenn 883 00:20:21,039 --> 00:20:23,270 john glenn virgil grissom 884 00:20:23,270 --> 00:20:23,280 virgil grissom 885 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,750 virgil grissom walter sharrar 886 00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:25,760 walter sharrar 887 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:27,669 walter sharrar alan shepard 888 00:20:27,669 --> 00:20:27,679 alan shepard 889 00:20:27,679 --> 00:20:29,750 alan shepard and donald slayton 890 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:29,760 and donald slayton 891 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:32,789 and donald slayton the astronauts prepare for flight 892 00:20:32,789 --> 00:20:32,799 the astronauts prepare for flight 893 00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:34,870 the astronauts prepare for flight after two hours the astronaut comes out 894 00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:34,880 after two hours the astronaut comes out 895 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:37,029 after two hours the astronaut comes out of a mold used to make a flight couch to 896 00:20:37,029 --> 00:20:37,039 of a mold used to make a flight couch to 897 00:20:37,039 --> 00:20:40,070 of a mold used to make a flight couch to fit his body shape 898 00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:40,080 fit his body shape 899 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:42,470 fit his body shape early on veteran test pilots look down 900 00:20:42,470 --> 00:20:42,480 early on veteran test pilots look down 901 00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:44,310 early on veteran test pilots look down on the role of the pilot in project 902 00:20:44,310 --> 00:20:44,320 on the role of the pilot in project 903 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,110 on the role of the pilot in project mercury but the mercury pilot plays an 904 00:20:47,110 --> 00:20:47,120 mercury but the mercury pilot plays an 905 00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:48,630 mercury but the mercury pilot plays an active role 906 00:20:48,630 --> 00:20:48,640 active role 907 00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:51,029 active role he controls the capsule's attitude and 908 00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:51,039 he controls the capsule's attitude and 909 00:20:51,039 --> 00:20:53,830 he controls the capsule's attitude and pitch roll and yaw as well as operating 910 00:20:53,830 --> 00:20:53,840 pitch roll and yaw as well as operating 911 00:20:53,840 --> 00:20:56,789 pitch roll and yaw as well as operating navigation and communication systems in 912 00:20:56,789 --> 00:20:56,799 navigation and communication systems in 913 00:20:56,799 --> 00:20:59,190 navigation and communication systems in all mercury flights the pilot proves to 914 00:20:59,190 --> 00:20:59,200 all mercury flights the pilot proves to 915 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:00,870 all mercury flights the pilot proves to be essential to the success of the 916 00:21:00,870 --> 00:21:00,880 be essential to the success of the 917 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:03,430 be essential to the success of the mission he operates all primary flight 918 00:21:03,430 --> 00:21:03,440 mission he operates all primary flight 919 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:06,070 mission he operates all primary flight controls and initiates retro rockets to 920 00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:06,080 controls and initiates retro rockets to 921 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:08,870 controls and initiates retro rockets to fire beginning the descent to a landing 922 00:21:08,870 --> 00:21:08,880 fire beginning the descent to a landing 923 00:21:08,880 --> 00:21:11,510 fire beginning the descent to a landing whirling in a centrifuge cab astronauts 924 00:21:11,510 --> 00:21:11,520 whirling in a centrifuge cab astronauts 925 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:13,350 whirling in a centrifuge cab astronauts learn important lessons about how they 926 00:21:13,350 --> 00:21:13,360 learn important lessons about how they 927 00:21:13,360 --> 00:21:17,510 learn important lessons about how they react to the g-loads of emergency aborts 928 00:21:17,510 --> 00:21:17,520 react to the g-loads of emergency aborts 929 00:21:17,520 --> 00:21:20,149 react to the g-loads of emergency aborts meanwhile workers test an escape system 930 00:21:20,149 --> 00:21:20,159 meanwhile workers test an escape system 931 00:21:20,159 --> 00:21:23,590 meanwhile workers test an escape system for the early mercury capsule 932 00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:23,600 for the early mercury capsule 933 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:25,430 for the early mercury capsule the pilot must be able to escape from 934 00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:25,440 the pilot must be able to escape from 935 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:27,270 the pilot must be able to escape from the mercury launch site in case of an 936 00:21:27,270 --> 00:21:27,280 the mercury launch site in case of an 937 00:21:27,280 --> 00:21:28,549 the mercury launch site in case of an emergency 938 00:21:28,549 --> 00:21:28,559 emergency 939 00:21:28,559 --> 00:21:31,750 emergency in this unmanned test a 16-foot tower 940 00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:31,760 in this unmanned test a 16-foot tower 941 00:21:31,760 --> 00:21:34,070 in this unmanned test a 16-foot tower with a solid rocket sends the capsule 942 00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:34,080 with a solid rocket sends the capsule 943 00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:44,710 with a solid rocket sends the capsule safely away 944 00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:44,720 945 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:47,110 during this test a rhesus monkey is 946 00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:47,120 during this test a rhesus monkey is 947 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:53,750 during this test a rhesus monkey is aboard 948 00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:53,760 949 00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:56,870 at more than 300 miles per hour pressure 950 00:21:56,870 --> 00:21:56,880 at more than 300 miles per hour pressure 951 00:21:56,880 --> 00:22:11,029 at more than 300 miles per hour pressure sensing devices start the escape 952 00:22:11,029 --> 00:22:11,039 953 00:22:11,039 --> 00:22:13,350 extensive mercury program research and 954 00:22:13,350 --> 00:22:13,360 extensive mercury program research and 955 00:22:13,360 --> 00:22:15,029 extensive mercury program research and development continues 956 00:22:15,029 --> 00:22:15,039 development continues 957 00:22:15,039 --> 00:22:17,029 development continues workers launch a big joe mercury test 958 00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:17,039 workers launch a big joe mercury test 959 00:22:17,039 --> 00:22:19,029 workers launch a big joe mercury test capsule nearly into orbit to test 960 00:22:19,029 --> 00:22:19,039 capsule nearly into orbit to test 961 00:22:19,039 --> 00:22:25,990 capsule nearly into orbit to test re-entry into the earth's atmosphere 962 00:22:25,990 --> 00:22:26,000 963 00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:28,230 an atlas booster carries the capsule to 964 00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:28,240 an atlas booster carries the capsule to 965 00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:30,870 an atlas booster carries the capsule to an altitude of 100 miles and nearly to 966 00:22:30,870 --> 00:22:30,880 an altitude of 100 miles and nearly to 967 00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:36,070 an altitude of 100 miles and nearly to orbital speed 968 00:22:36,070 --> 00:22:36,080 969 00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:37,909 from the recovery ships the capsule 970 00:22:37,909 --> 00:22:37,919 from the recovery ships the capsule 971 00:22:37,919 --> 00:22:39,990 from the recovery ships the capsule appears as a flaming fireball as it 972 00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:40,000 appears as a flaming fireball as it 973 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:42,710 appears as a flaming fireball as it streaks back into the atmosphere 974 00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:42,720 streaks back into the atmosphere 975 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:45,669 streaks back into the atmosphere patrol aircraft fly to the impact area 976 00:22:45,669 --> 00:22:45,679 patrol aircraft fly to the impact area 977 00:22:45,679 --> 00:22:47,430 patrol aircraft fly to the impact area and pick up the capsule's recovery 978 00:22:47,430 --> 00:22:47,440 and pick up the capsule's recovery 979 00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:49,669 and pick up the capsule's recovery signals 980 00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:49,679 signals 981 00:22:49,679 --> 00:22:59,430 signals two destroyers race to the area 982 00:22:59,430 --> 00:22:59,440 983 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:03,990 the navy ship strong makes the pickup 984 00:23:03,990 --> 00:23:04,000 985 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:06,149 the capsule survives its reentry in 986 00:23:06,149 --> 00:23:06,159 the capsule survives its reentry in 987 00:23:06,159 --> 00:23:10,950 the capsule survives its reentry in excellent condition 988 00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:10,960 989 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:12,789 other areas of the space program are 990 00:23:12,789 --> 00:23:12,799 other areas of the space program are 991 00:23:12,799 --> 00:23:15,190 other areas of the space program are successful in 1959 992 00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:15,200 successful in 1959 993 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,230 successful in 1959 by august 10 of the 17 launches are good 994 00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:18,240 by august 10 of the 17 launches are good 995 00:23:18,240 --> 00:24:11,669 by august 10 of the 17 launches are good please clear the launching area 996 00:24:11,669 --> 00:24:11,679 997 00:24:11,679 --> 00:24:14,070 also in august nasa launches an explorer 998 00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:14,080 also in august nasa launches an explorer 999 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,830 also in august nasa launches an explorer 6 which functions well in all respects 1000 00:24:17,830 --> 00:24:17,840 6 which functions well in all respects 1001 00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:20,149 6 which functions well in all respects explorer 6 detects a large ring of 1002 00:24:20,149 --> 00:24:20,159 explorer 6 detects a large ring of 1003 00:24:20,159 --> 00:24:24,390 explorer 6 detects a large ring of electrical current circulating the earth 1004 00:24:24,390 --> 00:24:24,400 electrical current circulating the earth 1005 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:26,710 electrical current circulating the earth during this first program of our 13 part 1006 00:24:26,710 --> 00:24:26,720 during this first program of our 13 part 1007 00:24:26,720 --> 00:24:28,789 during this first program of our 13 part series we've seen how the launch of 1008 00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:28,799 series we've seen how the launch of 1009 00:24:28,799 --> 00:24:31,269 series we've seen how the launch of sputnik in late 1957 1010 00:24:31,269 --> 00:24:31,279 sputnik in late 1957 1011 00:24:31,279 --> 00:24:33,590 sputnik in late 1957 encouraged the birth of nasa in october 1012 00:24:33,590 --> 00:24:33,600 encouraged the birth of nasa in october 1013 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:35,350 encouraged the birth of nasa in october 1958. 1014 00:24:35,350 --> 00:24:35,360 1958. 1015 00:24:35,360 --> 00:24:37,510 1958. early nasa projects continue through 1016 00:24:37,510 --> 00:24:37,520 early nasa projects continue through 1017 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:39,269 early nasa projects continue through 1959 1018 00:24:39,269 --> 00:24:39,279 1959 1019 00:24:39,279 --> 00:24:41,590 1959 lessons learned from early difficulties 1020 00:24:41,590 --> 00:24:41,600 lessons learned from early difficulties 1021 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:43,350 lessons learned from early difficulties lead us to ever more successful 1022 00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:43,360 lead us to ever more successful 1023 00:24:43,360 --> 00:25:42,870 lead us to ever more successful performance 1024 00:25:42,870 --> 00:25:42,880 1025 00:25:42,880 --> 00:26:03,590 me 1026 00:26:03,590 --> 00:26:03,600 1027 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:17,269 please clear the launching area 1028 00:26:17,269 --> 00:26:17,279 1029 00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:19,830 next program we pick up the nasa saga in 1030 00:26:19,830 --> 00:26:19,840 next program we pick up the nasa saga in 1031 00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:23,590 next program we pick up the nasa saga in 1960 when goals are still being set 1032 00:26:23,590 --> 00:26:23,600 1960 when goals are still being set 1033 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:29,669 1960 when goals are still being set i'm lynn bondurant 1034 00:26:29,669 --> 00:26:29,679 1035 00:26:29,679 --> 00:26:31,830 lights are correct the ready light is on 1036 00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:31,840 lights are correct the ready light is on 1037 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:33,830 lights are correct the ready light is on he checked mercury umbilical 1038 00:26:33,830 --> 00:26:33,840 he checked mercury umbilical 1039 00:26:33,840 --> 00:27:24,070 he checked mercury umbilical oil evacuated 1040 00:27:24,070 --> 00:27:24,080 1041 00:27:24,080 --> 00:28:00,870 hmm 1042 00:28:00,870 --> 00:28:00,880 1043 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:15,190 good 1044 00:28:15,190 --> 00:28:15,200 1045 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:30,389 columbia houston your go at 40. 1046 00:28:30,389 --> 00:28:30,399 1047 00:28:30,399 --> 00:29:21,110 whew 1048 00:29:21,110 --> 00:29:21,120 1049 00:29:21,120 --> 00:31:04,389 um 1050 00:31:04,389 --> 00:31:04,399 1051 00:31:04,399 --> 00:31:06,710 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host of 1052 00:31:06,710 --> 00:31:06,720 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host of 1053 00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:09,430 hello i'm lynn bondurant your host of our series 25 years of progress 1054 00:31:09,430 --> 00:31:09,440 our series 25 years of progress 1055 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,549 our series 25 years of progress during this second program we cover 1960 1056 00:31:12,549 --> 00:31:12,559 during this second program we cover 1960 1057 00:31:12,559 --> 00:31:14,230 during this second program we cover 1960 and 1961 1058 00:31:14,230 --> 00:31:14,240 and 1961 1059 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:15,830 and 1961 national aeronautics and space 1060 00:31:15,830 --> 00:31:15,840 national aeronautics and space 1061 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:18,230 national aeronautics and space administration projects 1062 00:31:18,230 --> 00:31:18,240 administration projects 1063 00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:20,230 administration projects to set the perspective against other 1064 00:31:20,230 --> 00:31:20,240 to set the perspective against other 1065 00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:22,470 to set the perspective against other scientific and medical us history in 1066 00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:22,480 scientific and medical us history in 1067 00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:26,310 scientific and medical us history in 1960 the navy submerges a bathyscaf to a 1068 00:31:26,310 --> 00:31:26,320 1960 the navy submerges a bathyscaf to a 1069 00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:29,669 1960 the navy submerges a bathyscaf to a record 24 000 feet in the pacific ocean 1070 00:31:29,669 --> 00:31:29,679 record 24 000 feet in the pacific ocean 1071 00:31:29,679 --> 00:31:32,230 record 24 000 feet in the pacific ocean and in may the us atomic submarine 1072 00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:32,240 and in may the us atomic submarine 1073 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:34,630 and in may the us atomic submarine triton travels submerged around the 1074 00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:34,640 triton travels submerged around the 1075 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:36,710 triton travels submerged around the world in 84 days 1076 00:31:36,710 --> 00:31:36,720 world in 84 days 1077 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:38,789 world in 84 days a nasa highlight is the launch of the 1078 00:31:38,789 --> 00:31:38,799 a nasa highlight is the launch of the 1079 00:31:38,799 --> 00:31:41,990 a nasa highlight is the launch of the first u.s weather satellite on april 1 1080 00:31:41,990 --> 00:31:42,000 first u.s weather satellite on april 1 1081 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:43,830 first u.s weather satellite on april 1 1960. 1082 00:31:43,830 --> 00:31:43,840 1960. 1083 00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:45,590 1960. call tyrus 1 1084 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:45,600 call tyrus 1 1085 00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:48,549 call tyrus 1 it produces almost 23 000 pictures of 1086 00:31:48,549 --> 00:31:48,559 it produces almost 23 000 pictures of 1087 00:31:48,559 --> 00:31:49,830 it produces almost 23 000 pictures of earth's weather 1088 00:31:49,830 --> 00:31:49,840 earth's weather 1089 00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:52,070 earth's weather this tyros-1 experimental weather 1090 00:31:52,070 --> 00:31:52,080 this tyros-1 experimental weather 1091 00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:54,549 this tyros-1 experimental weather satellite provides dramatic pictures of 1092 00:31:54,549 --> 00:31:54,559 satellite provides dramatic pictures of 1093 00:31:54,559 --> 00:31:57,110 satellite provides dramatic pictures of cloud formations including spiral 1094 00:31:57,110 --> 00:31:57,120 cloud formations including spiral 1095 00:31:57,120 --> 00:31:59,430 cloud formations including spiral formations associated with large area 1096 00:31:59,430 --> 00:31:59,440 formations associated with large area 1097 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:00,789 formations associated with large area storms 1098 00:32:00,789 --> 00:32:00,799 storms 1099 00:32:00,799 --> 00:32:04,070 storms tyros-1 works in a useful manner for 78 1100 00:32:04,070 --> 00:32:04,080 tyros-1 works in a useful manner for 78 1101 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:06,789 tyros-1 works in a useful manner for 78 days it's the world's first successful 1102 00:32:06,789 --> 00:32:06,799 days it's the world's first successful 1103 00:32:06,799 --> 00:32:08,470 days it's the world's first successful weather satellite 1104 00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:08,480 weather satellite 1105 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:10,870 weather satellite and ever since then weather satellites 1106 00:32:10,870 --> 00:32:10,880 and ever since then weather satellites 1107 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:17,750 and ever since then weather satellites help in weather prediction 1108 00:32:17,750 --> 00:32:17,760 1109 00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:19,909 save lives and property through storm 1110 00:32:19,909 --> 00:32:19,919 save lives and property through storm 1111 00:32:19,919 --> 00:32:28,470 save lives and property through storm detection 1112 00:32:28,470 --> 00:32:28,480 1113 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:31,750 meanwhile in the mann program astronauts 1114 00:32:31,750 --> 00:32:31,760 meanwhile in the mann program astronauts 1115 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:33,350 meanwhile in the mann program astronauts continue training for their space 1116 00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:33,360 continue training for their space 1117 00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:35,509 continue training for their space flights in the mercury capsule 1118 00:32:35,509 --> 00:32:35,519 flights in the mercury capsule 1119 00:32:35,519 --> 00:32:37,669 flights in the mercury capsule astronauts practice with a space flight 1120 00:32:37,669 --> 00:32:37,679 astronauts practice with a space flight 1121 00:32:37,679 --> 00:32:39,909 astronauts practice with a space flight simulator at lewis research center in 1122 00:32:39,909 --> 00:32:39,919 simulator at lewis research center in 1123 00:32:39,919 --> 00:32:41,110 simulator at lewis research center in cleveland 1124 00:32:41,110 --> 00:32:41,120 cleveland 1125 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:43,509 cleveland strapped firmly the astronaut spins 1126 00:32:43,509 --> 00:32:43,519 strapped firmly the astronaut spins 1127 00:32:43,519 --> 00:32:47,830 strapped firmly the astronaut spins around first one and then all three axes 1128 00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:47,840 around first one and then all three axes 1129 00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:50,389 around first one and then all three axes they do exercises in bringing spacecraft 1130 00:32:50,389 --> 00:32:50,399 they do exercises in bringing spacecraft 1131 00:32:50,399 --> 00:32:53,590 they do exercises in bringing spacecraft under control 1132 00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:53,600 1133 00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:56,230 a spacecraft in orbit travels at a speed 1134 00:32:56,230 --> 00:32:56,240 a spacecraft in orbit travels at a speed 1135 00:32:56,240 --> 00:32:59,110 a spacecraft in orbit travels at a speed which balances very delicately the pull 1136 00:32:59,110 --> 00:32:59,120 which balances very delicately the pull 1137 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:01,029 which balances very delicately the pull of earth's gravity 1138 00:33:01,029 --> 00:33:01,039 of earth's gravity 1139 00:33:01,039 --> 00:33:03,590 of earth's gravity to simulate weightlessness in space a 1140 00:33:03,590 --> 00:33:03,600 to simulate weightlessness in space a 1141 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:05,509 to simulate weightlessness in space a pilot flies an airplane 1142 00:33:05,509 --> 00:33:05,519 pilot flies an airplane 1143 00:33:05,519 --> 00:33:07,350 pilot flies an airplane the plane descends 1144 00:33:07,350 --> 00:33:07,360 the plane descends 1145 00:33:07,360 --> 00:33:09,590 the plane descends begins a steep climb 1146 00:33:09,590 --> 00:33:09,600 begins a steep climb 1147 00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:12,149 begins a steep climb as the aircraft decelerates it eases 1148 00:33:12,149 --> 00:33:12,159 as the aircraft decelerates it eases 1149 00:33:12,159 --> 00:33:15,110 as the aircraft decelerates it eases over the top in a parabolic arc 1150 00:33:15,110 --> 00:33:15,120 over the top in a parabolic arc 1151 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:17,430 over the top in a parabolic arc for short periods its occupants are 1152 00:33:17,430 --> 00:33:17,440 for short periods its occupants are 1153 00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:32,789 for short periods its occupants are weightless 1154 00:33:32,789 --> 00:33:32,799 1155 00:33:32,799 --> 00:33:34,950 another first for nasa is the launch of 1156 00:33:34,950 --> 00:33:34,960 another first for nasa is the launch of 1157 00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:38,549 another first for nasa is the launch of echo1 the first passive communications 1158 00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:38,559 echo1 the first passive communications 1159 00:33:38,559 --> 00:33:39,750 echo1 the first passive communications satellite 1160 00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:39,760 satellite 1161 00:33:39,760 --> 00:33:41,669 satellite workers launched it into orbit on august 1162 00:33:41,669 --> 00:33:41,679 workers launched it into orbit on august 1163 00:33:41,679 --> 00:33:43,750 workers launched it into orbit on august 12 1960. 1164 00:33:43,750 --> 00:33:43,760 12 1960. 1165 00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:46,549 12 1960. echo1 is really a big balloon 1166 00:33:46,549 --> 00:33:46,559 echo1 is really a big balloon 1167 00:33:46,559 --> 00:33:49,190 echo1 is really a big balloon from it radio signals are bounced 1168 00:33:49,190 --> 00:33:49,200 from it radio signals are bounced 1169 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:51,029 from it radio signals are bounced relaying signals between distant 1170 00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:51,039 relaying signals between distant 1171 00:33:51,039 --> 00:33:53,430 relaying signals between distant locations on earth 1172 00:33:53,430 --> 00:33:53,440 locations on earth 1173 00:33:53,440 --> 00:33:55,590 locations on earth millions on earth see echo as a moving 1174 00:33:55,590 --> 00:33:55,600 millions on earth see echo as a moving 1175 00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:58,230 millions on earth see echo as a moving pinpoint of light in the night sky 1176 00:33:58,230 --> 00:33:58,240 pinpoint of light in the night sky 1177 00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:00,230 pinpoint of light in the night sky t keith glennon nasa's first 1178 00:34:00,230 --> 00:34:00,240 t keith glennon nasa's first 1179 00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:03,750 t keith glennon nasa's first administrator recalls echo was a 100 1180 00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:03,760 administrator recalls echo was a 100 1181 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:06,470 administrator recalls echo was a 100 foot in diameter inflatable balloon 1182 00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:06,480 foot in diameter inflatable balloon 1183 00:34:06,480 --> 00:34:08,389 foot in diameter inflatable balloon which 1184 00:34:08,389 --> 00:34:08,399 which 1185 00:34:08,399 --> 00:34:11,270 which was encased perhaps in a 1186 00:34:11,270 --> 00:34:11,280 was encased perhaps in a 1187 00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:14,149 was encased perhaps in a an aluminum casing of about 1188 00:34:14,149 --> 00:34:14,159 an aluminum casing of about 1189 00:34:14,159 --> 00:34:15,510 an aluminum casing of about i suppose 1190 00:34:15,510 --> 00:34:15,520 i suppose 1191 00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:17,909 i suppose 30 inches in diameter perhaps 1192 00:34:17,909 --> 00:34:17,919 30 inches in diameter perhaps 1193 00:34:17,919 --> 00:34:19,589 30 inches in diameter perhaps and it was 1194 00:34:19,589 --> 00:34:19,599 and it was 1195 00:34:19,599 --> 00:34:21,909 and it was that case was exploded open when it 1196 00:34:21,909 --> 00:34:21,919 that case was exploded open when it 1197 00:34:21,919 --> 00:34:24,470 that case was exploded open when it reached a particular height 1198 00:34:24,470 --> 00:34:24,480 reached a particular height 1199 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:27,109 reached a particular height and then the the balloon inflated 1200 00:34:27,109 --> 00:34:27,119 and then the the balloon inflated 1201 00:34:27,119 --> 00:34:29,270 and then the the balloon inflated and it stayed up there just circling the 1202 00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:29,280 and it stayed up there just circling the 1203 00:34:29,280 --> 00:34:30,149 and it stayed up there just circling the earth 1204 00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:30,159 earth 1205 00:34:30,159 --> 00:34:32,710 earth as a matter of the uh what we call 1206 00:34:32,710 --> 00:34:32,720 as a matter of the uh what we call 1207 00:34:32,720 --> 00:34:35,190 as a matter of the uh what we call injection velocity when it was injected 1208 00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:35,200 injection velocity when it was injected 1209 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:36,550 injection velocity when it was injected into orbit 1210 00:34:36,550 --> 00:34:36,560 into orbit 1211 00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:39,589 into orbit and uh i i can recall going up to homes 1212 00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:39,599 and uh i i can recall going up to homes 1213 00:34:39,599 --> 00:34:41,990 and uh i i can recall going up to homes in old new jersey where they had a new 1214 00:34:41,990 --> 00:34:42,000 in old new jersey where they had a new 1215 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,950 in old new jersey where they had a new type of antenna a horn antenna you can 1216 00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:44,960 type of antenna a horn antenna you can 1217 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:47,589 type of antenna a horn antenna you can now see them on a 1218 00:34:47,589 --> 00:34:47,599 now see them on a 1219 00:34:47,599 --> 00:34:49,510 now see them on a towers around the country 1220 00:34:49,510 --> 00:34:49,520 towers around the country 1221 00:34:49,520 --> 00:34:51,030 towers around the country and 1222 00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:51,040 and 1223 00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:54,149 and we talked to the satellite and we set 1224 00:34:54,149 --> 00:34:54,159 we talked to the satellite and we set 1225 00:34:54,159 --> 00:34:56,629 we talked to the satellite and we set pictures over that satellite and i still 1226 00:34:56,629 --> 00:34:56,639 pictures over that satellite and i still 1227 00:34:56,639 --> 00:34:59,190 pictures over that satellite and i still have one on my desk echo is just the 1228 00:34:59,190 --> 00:34:59,200 have one on my desk echo is just the 1229 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:02,150 have one on my desk echo is just the first of many communications satellites 1230 00:35:02,150 --> 00:35:02,160 first of many communications satellites 1231 00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:04,310 first of many communications satellites later communications satellites are much 1232 00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:04,320 later communications satellites are much 1233 00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:07,109 later communications satellites are much more complicated they are active not 1234 00:35:07,109 --> 00:35:07,119 more complicated they are active not 1235 00:35:07,119 --> 00:35:09,750 more complicated they are active not passive carry antennas receivers 1236 00:35:09,750 --> 00:35:09,760 passive carry antennas receivers 1237 00:35:09,760 --> 00:35:11,829 passive carry antennas receivers transmitters and other equipment 1238 00:35:11,829 --> 00:35:11,839 transmitters and other equipment 1239 00:35:11,839 --> 00:35:13,750 transmitters and other equipment modern satellites receive signals 1240 00:35:13,750 --> 00:35:13,760 modern satellites receive signals 1241 00:35:13,760 --> 00:35:15,510 modern satellites receive signals transmitted up from earth and 1242 00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:15,520 transmitted up from earth and 1243 00:35:15,520 --> 00:35:17,589 transmitted up from earth and re-transmit an amplified signal to 1244 00:35:17,589 --> 00:35:17,599 re-transmit an amplified signal to 1245 00:35:17,599 --> 00:35:19,510 re-transmit an amplified signal to distant locations 1246 00:35:19,510 --> 00:35:19,520 distant locations 1247 00:35:19,520 --> 00:35:22,630 distant locations news sports entertainment television 1248 00:35:22,630 --> 00:35:22,640 news sports entertainment television 1249 00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:24,790 news sports entertainment television telephone facsimile and other 1250 00:35:24,790 --> 00:35:24,800 telephone facsimile and other 1251 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:26,710 telephone facsimile and other communications are now routinely 1252 00:35:26,710 --> 00:35:26,720 communications are now routinely 1253 00:35:26,720 --> 00:35:29,750 communications are now routinely transmitted via satellite 1254 00:35:29,750 --> 00:35:29,760 transmitted via satellite 1255 00:35:29,760 --> 00:35:32,550 transmitted via satellite began a communications revolution 1256 00:35:32,550 --> 00:35:32,560 began a communications revolution 1257 00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:35,990 began a communications revolution and 1961 is a year of other scientific 1258 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:36,000 and 1961 is a year of other scientific 1259 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,589 and 1961 is a year of other scientific advances as well 1260 00:35:37,589 --> 00:35:37,599 advances as well 1261 00:35:37,599 --> 00:35:39,750 advances as well the national geographic society 1262 00:35:39,750 --> 00:35:39,760 the national geographic society 1263 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:41,750 the national geographic society announces that the fossilized skull of 1264 00:35:41,750 --> 00:35:41,760 announces that the fossilized skull of 1265 00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:44,550 announces that the fossilized skull of an early humanoid discovered by dr louis 1266 00:35:44,550 --> 00:35:44,560 an early humanoid discovered by dr louis 1267 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:48,150 an early humanoid discovered by dr louis leakey is 1.7 million years old 1268 00:35:48,150 --> 00:35:48,160 leakey is 1.7 million years old 1269 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:50,630 leakey is 1.7 million years old jack kirby of texas instruments invents 1270 00:35:50,630 --> 00:35:50,640 jack kirby of texas instruments invents 1271 00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:52,550 jack kirby of texas instruments invents the integrated circuit 1272 00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:52,560 the integrated circuit 1273 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:56,390 the integrated circuit on april 12 1961 soviet cosmonaut yuri 1274 00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:56,400 on april 12 1961 soviet cosmonaut yuri 1275 00:35:56,400 --> 00:35:58,790 on april 12 1961 soviet cosmonaut yuri gagarin becomes the first human being to 1276 00:35:58,790 --> 00:35:58,800 gagarin becomes the first human being to 1277 00:35:58,800 --> 00:36:00,310 gagarin becomes the first human being to orbit the earth 1278 00:36:00,310 --> 00:36:00,320 orbit the earth 1279 00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:04,230 orbit the earth his vostok 1 spacecraft makes one orbit 1280 00:36:04,230 --> 00:36:04,240 his vostok 1 spacecraft makes one orbit 1281 00:36:04,240 --> 00:36:06,230 his vostok 1 spacecraft makes one orbit gagarin lands safely 1282 00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:06,240 gagarin lands safely 1283 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:08,310 gagarin lands safely again the soviet union accomplishes a 1284 00:36:08,310 --> 00:36:08,320 again the soviet union accomplishes a 1285 00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:10,710 again the soviet union accomplishes a first while the u.s is preparing for a 1286 00:36:10,710 --> 00:36:10,720 first while the u.s is preparing for a 1287 00:36:10,720 --> 00:36:15,670 first while the u.s is preparing for a suborbital mercury manned space flight 1288 00:36:15,670 --> 00:36:15,680 1289 00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:17,589 the mercury ground tracking network 1290 00:36:17,589 --> 00:36:17,599 the mercury ground tracking network 1291 00:36:17,599 --> 00:36:27,589 the mercury ground tracking network includes 18 stations 1292 00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:27,599 1293 00:36:27,599 --> 00:36:29,750 bermuda station continues undergoing 1294 00:36:29,750 --> 00:36:29,760 bermuda station continues undergoing 1295 00:36:29,760 --> 00:36:31,990 bermuda station continues undergoing inter-systems checkout bermuda 1296 00:36:31,990 --> 00:36:32,000 inter-systems checkout bermuda 1297 00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:33,750 inter-systems checkout bermuda duplicates the control center on the 1298 00:36:33,750 --> 00:36:33,760 duplicates the control center on the 1299 00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:36,390 duplicates the control center on the mainland workers complete and ready the 1300 00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:36,400 mainland workers complete and ready the 1301 00:36:36,400 --> 00:36:44,550 mainland workers complete and ready the station for operation during april 1961. 1302 00:36:44,550 --> 00:36:44,560 1303 00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:46,390 other workers complete the final two 1304 00:36:46,390 --> 00:36:46,400 other workers complete the final two 1305 00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:47,829 other workers complete the final two stations 1306 00:36:47,829 --> 00:36:47,839 stations 1307 00:36:47,839 --> 00:36:49,589 stations cano nigeria 1308 00:36:49,589 --> 00:36:49,599 cano nigeria 1309 00:36:49,599 --> 00:36:53,589 cano nigeria and zanzibar 1310 00:36:53,589 --> 00:36:53,599 1311 00:36:53,599 --> 00:36:55,589 scientists simulate orbital flights for 1312 00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:55,599 scientists simulate orbital flights for 1313 00:36:55,599 --> 00:37:09,510 scientists simulate orbital flights for training 1314 00:37:09,510 --> 00:37:09,520 1315 00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:12,950 during 1961 this unmanned test shot is 1316 00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:12,960 during 1961 this unmanned test shot is 1317 00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:38,550 during 1961 this unmanned test shot is ready for blast off 1318 00:37:38,550 --> 00:37:38,560 1319 00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:47,910 the launch fails 1320 00:37:47,910 --> 00:37:47,920 1321 00:37:47,920 --> 00:37:50,230 but the escape system works raising 1322 00:37:50,230 --> 00:37:50,240 but the escape system works raising 1323 00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:57,430 but the escape system works raising confidence for later manned flights 1324 00:37:57,430 --> 00:37:57,440 1325 00:37:57,440 --> 00:37:59,750 i think the one thing that strikes me as 1326 00:37:59,750 --> 00:37:59,760 i think the one thing that strikes me as 1327 00:37:59,760 --> 00:38:02,310 i think the one thing that strikes me as i look back on the training program 1328 00:38:02,310 --> 00:38:02,320 i look back on the training program 1329 00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:04,069 i look back on the training program is that i have really developed a 1330 00:38:04,069 --> 00:38:04,079 is that i have really developed a 1331 00:38:04,079 --> 00:38:06,230 is that i have really developed a feeling of confidence 1332 00:38:06,230 --> 00:38:06,240 feeling of confidence 1333 00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:08,310 feeling of confidence a confidence in the people with whom i 1334 00:38:08,310 --> 00:38:08,320 a confidence in the people with whom i 1335 00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:09,589 a confidence in the people with whom i work 1336 00:38:09,589 --> 00:38:09,599 work 1337 00:38:09,599 --> 00:38:11,829 work a confidence in the systems with which i 1338 00:38:11,829 --> 00:38:11,839 a confidence in the systems with which i 1339 00:38:11,839 --> 00:38:13,990 a confidence in the systems with which i am dealing and will have to deal in 1340 00:38:13,990 --> 00:38:14,000 am dealing and will have to deal in 1341 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:15,349 am dealing and will have to deal in flight 1342 00:38:15,349 --> 00:38:15,359 flight 1343 00:38:15,359 --> 00:38:19,910 flight and of course a confidence in myself 1344 00:38:19,910 --> 00:38:19,920 1345 00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:23,270 in may 1961 astronaut alan shepard 1346 00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:23,280 in may 1961 astronaut alan shepard 1347 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,430 in may 1961 astronaut alan shepard prepares for the first u.s manned space 1348 00:38:25,430 --> 00:38:25,440 prepares for the first u.s manned space 1349 00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:27,829 prepares for the first u.s manned space flight with a mercury capsule the craft 1350 00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:27,839 flight with a mercury capsule the craft 1351 00:38:27,839 --> 00:38:30,630 flight with a mercury capsule the craft is to rise over 100 miles into space in 1352 00:38:30,630 --> 00:38:30,640 is to rise over 100 miles into space in 1353 00:38:30,640 --> 00:38:33,109 is to rise over 100 miles into space in this suborbital flight 1354 00:38:33,109 --> 00:38:33,119 this suborbital flight 1355 00:38:33,119 --> 00:38:34,790 this suborbital flight officials scheduled the launch for the 1356 00:38:34,790 --> 00:38:34,800 officials scheduled the launch for the 1357 00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:37,990 officials scheduled the launch for the early morning of may 2 1961. 1358 00:38:37,990 --> 00:38:38,000 early morning of may 2 1961. 1359 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:43,510 early morning of may 2 1961. weather postpones the launch 1360 00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:43,520 1361 00:38:43,520 --> 00:38:47,349 roger ready to resume the account 1362 00:38:47,349 --> 00:38:47,359 roger ready to resume the account 1363 00:38:47,359 --> 00:38:49,510 roger ready to resume the account on may 5 shepard goes to the launch 1364 00:38:49,510 --> 00:38:49,520 on may 5 shepard goes to the launch 1365 00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:51,030 on may 5 shepard goes to the launch complex 1366 00:38:51,030 --> 00:38:51,040 complex 1367 00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:53,109 complex it is just two years and seven months 1368 00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:53,119 it is just two years and seven months 1369 00:38:53,119 --> 00:38:59,349 it is just two years and seven months after the start of project mercury 1370 00:38:59,349 --> 00:38:59,359 1371 00:38:59,359 --> 00:39:01,109 all right three 1372 00:39:01,109 --> 00:39:01,119 all right three 1373 00:39:01,119 --> 00:39:22,950 all right three seven trips 1374 00:39:22,950 --> 00:39:22,960 1375 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:25,910 as countless millions watch and listen 1376 00:39:25,910 --> 00:39:25,920 as countless millions watch and listen 1377 00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:28,069 as countless millions watch and listen the astronaut manually controls his 1378 00:39:28,069 --> 00:39:28,079 the astronaut manually controls his 1379 00:39:28,079 --> 00:39:30,150 the astronaut manually controls his craft and has almost continuous 1380 00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:30,160 craft and has almost continuous 1381 00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:32,150 craft and has almost continuous communications with earth i'm a 1382 00:39:32,150 --> 00:39:32,160 communications with earth i'm a 1383 00:39:32,160 --> 00:39:36,230 communications with earth i'm a periscope what a beautiful view 1384 00:39:36,230 --> 00:39:36,240 periscope what a beautiful view 1385 00:39:36,240 --> 00:39:38,710 periscope what a beautiful view out cover over florida 1386 00:39:38,710 --> 00:39:38,720 out cover over florida 1387 00:39:38,720 --> 00:39:40,790 out cover over florida three to four tenths near the eastern 1388 00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:40,800 three to four tenths near the eastern 1389 00:39:40,800 --> 00:39:43,910 three to four tenths near the eastern coast the mercury redstone 3 travels 300 1390 00:39:43,910 --> 00:39:43,920 coast the mercury redstone 3 travels 300 1391 00:39:43,920 --> 00:39:46,630 coast the mercury redstone 3 travels 300 miles and reaches an altitude of 115 1392 00:39:46,630 --> 00:39:46,640 miles and reaches an altitude of 115 1393 00:39:46,640 --> 00:39:47,990 miles and reaches an altitude of 115 miles 1394 00:39:47,990 --> 00:39:48,000 miles 1395 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:49,910 miles shepard enjoys about five minutes of 1396 00:39:49,910 --> 00:39:49,920 shepard enjoys about five minutes of 1397 00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:53,190 shepard enjoys about five minutes of weightlessness 1398 00:39:53,190 --> 00:39:53,200 1399 00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,030 my condition is still good i'm getting 1400 00:39:55,030 --> 00:39:55,040 my condition is still good i'm getting 1401 00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:57,750 my condition is still good i'm getting ready for impact about 16 minutes after 1402 00:39:57,750 --> 00:39:57,760 ready for impact about 16 minutes after 1403 00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:00,710 ready for impact about 16 minutes after liftoff the spacecraft is found 1404 00:40:00,710 --> 00:40:00,720 liftoff the spacecraft is found 1405 00:40:00,720 --> 00:40:03,109 liftoff the spacecraft is found a helicopter picks up shepard and then 1406 00:40:03,109 --> 00:40:03,119 a helicopter picks up shepard and then 1407 00:40:03,119 --> 00:40:06,310 a helicopter picks up shepard and then his freedom 7 spacecraft 1408 00:40:06,310 --> 00:40:06,320 his freedom 7 spacecraft 1409 00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:08,150 his freedom 7 spacecraft the mercury suborbital flight is a 1410 00:40:08,150 --> 00:40:08,160 the mercury suborbital flight is a 1411 00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:09,430 the mercury suborbital flight is a success 1412 00:40:09,430 --> 00:40:09,440 success 1413 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:11,589 success but the russian gagarin has orbited the 1414 00:40:11,589 --> 00:40:11,599 but the russian gagarin has orbited the 1415 00:40:11,599 --> 00:40:14,710 but the russian gagarin has orbited the earth and in a heavier spacecraft 1416 00:40:14,710 --> 00:40:14,720 earth and in a heavier spacecraft 1417 00:40:14,720 --> 00:40:16,950 earth and in a heavier spacecraft president kennedy says quote 1418 00:40:16,950 --> 00:40:16,960 president kennedy says quote 1419 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:18,710 president kennedy says quote we are behind 1420 00:40:18,710 --> 00:40:18,720 we are behind 1421 00:40:18,720 --> 00:40:20,950 we are behind the news will be worse before it is 1422 00:40:20,950 --> 00:40:20,960 the news will be worse before it is 1423 00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:21,910 the news will be worse before it is better 1424 00:40:21,910 --> 00:40:21,920 better 1425 00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:24,069 better and it will be some time before we catch 1426 00:40:24,069 --> 00:40:24,079 and it will be some time before we catch 1427 00:40:24,079 --> 00:40:25,589 and it will be some time before we catch up 1428 00:40:25,589 --> 00:40:25,599 up 1429 00:40:25,599 --> 00:40:27,349 up president kennedy asked vice president 1430 00:40:27,349 --> 00:40:27,359 president kennedy asked vice president 1431 00:40:27,359 --> 00:40:29,510 president kennedy asked vice president lyndon johnson to head a study of what 1432 00:40:29,510 --> 00:40:29,520 lyndon johnson to head a study of what 1433 00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:31,109 lyndon johnson to head a study of what is needed to beat the soviets in the 1434 00:40:31,109 --> 00:40:31,119 is needed to beat the soviets in the 1435 00:40:31,119 --> 00:40:32,870 is needed to beat the soviets in the space race 1436 00:40:32,870 --> 00:40:32,880 space race 1437 00:40:32,880 --> 00:40:35,349 space race nasa's 10-year plan calls for a manned 1438 00:40:35,349 --> 00:40:35,359 nasa's 10-year plan calls for a manned 1439 00:40:35,359 --> 00:40:37,510 nasa's 10-year plan calls for a manned orbital flight around the moon 1440 00:40:37,510 --> 00:40:37,520 orbital flight around the moon 1441 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:39,030 orbital flight around the moon the question is 1442 00:40:39,030 --> 00:40:39,040 the question is 1443 00:40:39,040 --> 00:40:41,430 the question is can the u.s be the first nation to orbit 1444 00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:41,440 can the u.s be the first nation to orbit 1445 00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:43,910 can the u.s be the first nation to orbit a man around the moon 1446 00:40:43,910 --> 00:40:43,920 a man around the moon 1447 00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:46,230 a man around the moon the technical answer is maybe not 1448 00:40:46,230 --> 00:40:46,240 the technical answer is maybe not 1449 00:40:46,240 --> 00:40:48,710 the technical answer is maybe not so the proposal is made that the goal be 1450 00:40:48,710 --> 00:40:48,720 so the proposal is made that the goal be 1451 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:51,430 so the proposal is made that the goal be extended to the surface of the moon 1452 00:40:51,430 --> 00:40:51,440 extended to the surface of the moon 1453 00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:54,310 extended to the surface of the moon on may 25 1961 1454 00:40:54,310 --> 00:40:54,320 on may 25 1961 1455 00:40:54,320 --> 00:40:56,309 on may 25 1961 president kennedy speaks before a joint 1456 00:40:56,309 --> 00:40:56,319 president kennedy speaks before a joint 1457 00:40:56,319 --> 00:40:58,870 president kennedy speaks before a joint station of congress to define a new 1458 00:40:58,870 --> 00:40:58,880 station of congress to define a new 1459 00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:03,270 station of congress to define a new national goal 1460 00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:03,280 1461 00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:06,470 now it is time to take longer strides 1462 00:41:06,470 --> 00:41:06,480 now it is time to take longer strides 1463 00:41:06,480 --> 00:41:09,670 now it is time to take longer strides time for a great new american enterprise 1464 00:41:09,670 --> 00:41:09,680 time for a great new american enterprise 1465 00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:12,550 time for a great new american enterprise time for this nation to take a clearly 1466 00:41:12,550 --> 00:41:12,560 time for this nation to take a clearly 1467 00:41:12,560 --> 00:41:13,829 time for this nation to take a clearly leading role 1468 00:41:13,829 --> 00:41:13,839 leading role 1469 00:41:13,839 --> 00:41:15,510 leading role in space achievement 1470 00:41:15,510 --> 00:41:15,520 in space achievement 1471 00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:17,349 in space achievement which in many ways 1472 00:41:17,349 --> 00:41:17,359 which in many ways 1473 00:41:17,359 --> 00:41:26,069 which in many ways may hold the key to our future on earth 1474 00:41:26,069 --> 00:41:26,079 1475 00:41:26,079 --> 00:41:27,990 i believe that this nation should commit 1476 00:41:27,990 --> 00:41:28,000 i believe that this nation should commit 1477 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:28,950 i believe that this nation should commit itself 1478 00:41:28,950 --> 00:41:28,960 itself 1479 00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:30,870 itself to achieving the goal 1480 00:41:30,870 --> 00:41:30,880 to achieving the goal 1481 00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:32,950 to achieving the goal before this decade is out 1482 00:41:32,950 --> 00:41:32,960 before this decade is out 1483 00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:34,630 before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and 1484 00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:34,640 of landing a man on the moon and 1485 00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:37,670 of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth 1486 00:41:37,670 --> 00:41:37,680 returning him safely to the earth 1487 00:41:37,680 --> 00:41:40,550 returning him safely to the earth no single space project in this period 1488 00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:40,560 no single space project in this period 1489 00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:43,109 no single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind or 1490 00:41:43,109 --> 00:41:43,119 will be more impressive to mankind or 1491 00:41:43,119 --> 00:41:44,950 will be more impressive to mankind or more important for the long range 1492 00:41:44,950 --> 00:41:44,960 more important for the long range 1493 00:41:44,960 --> 00:41:46,790 more important for the long range exploration of space 1494 00:41:46,790 --> 00:41:46,800 exploration of space 1495 00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:48,470 exploration of space as one author writes 1496 00:41:48,470 --> 00:41:48,480 as one author writes 1497 00:41:48,480 --> 00:41:51,670 as one author writes nasa is exhilarated but odd 1498 00:41:51,670 --> 00:41:51,680 nasa is exhilarated but odd 1499 00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:53,589 nasa is exhilarated but odd to land a man on the moon and return him 1500 00:41:53,589 --> 00:41:53,599 to land a man on the moon and return him 1501 00:41:53,599 --> 00:41:55,190 to land a man on the moon and return him to earth is perhaps the hardest 1502 00:41:55,190 --> 00:41:55,200 to earth is perhaps the hardest 1503 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:56,870 to earth is perhaps the hardest technical project in the nation's 1504 00:41:56,870 --> 00:41:56,880 technical project in the nation's 1505 00:41:56,880 --> 00:41:57,990 technical project in the nation's history 1506 00:41:57,990 --> 00:41:58,000 history 1507 00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:59,829 history the mercury project to orbit a manned 1508 00:41:59,829 --> 00:41:59,839 the mercury project to orbit a manned 1509 00:41:59,839 --> 00:42:02,790 the mercury project to orbit a manned spacecraft around the earth is by itself 1510 00:42:02,790 --> 00:42:02,800 spacecraft around the earth is by itself 1511 00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:05,030 spacecraft around the earth is by itself a demanding program but facing the 1512 00:42:05,030 --> 00:42:05,040 a demanding program but facing the 1513 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:07,430 a demanding program but facing the challenge nasa begins to work towards 1514 00:42:07,430 --> 00:42:07,440 challenge nasa begins to work towards 1515 00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:09,510 challenge nasa begins to work towards the assigned national goal 1516 00:42:09,510 --> 00:42:09,520 the assigned national goal 1517 00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:11,910 the assigned national goal nasa decides that a two-man earth 1518 00:42:11,910 --> 00:42:11,920 nasa decides that a two-man earth 1519 00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:14,710 nasa decides that a two-man earth orbital spacecraft called gemini must be 1520 00:42:14,710 --> 00:42:14,720 orbital spacecraft called gemini must be 1521 00:42:14,720 --> 00:42:16,710 orbital spacecraft called gemini must be developed as a step between the one-man 1522 00:42:16,710 --> 00:42:16,720 developed as a step between the one-man 1523 00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:19,190 developed as a step between the one-man mercury capsule and the apollo craft 1524 00:42:19,190 --> 00:42:19,200 mercury capsule and the apollo craft 1525 00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:21,349 mercury capsule and the apollo craft which is destined to fly men to the moon 1526 00:42:21,349 --> 00:42:21,359 which is destined to fly men to the moon 1527 00:42:21,359 --> 00:42:23,910 which is destined to fly men to the moon and back project germany is to learn of 1528 00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:23,920 and back project germany is to learn of 1529 00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:26,230 and back project germany is to learn of man's capabilities during longer periods 1530 00:42:26,230 --> 00:42:26,240 man's capabilities during longer periods 1531 00:42:26,240 --> 00:42:27,750 man's capabilities during longer periods of weightlessness 1532 00:42:27,750 --> 00:42:27,760 of weightlessness 1533 00:42:27,760 --> 00:42:30,550 of weightlessness and germany is to help train astronauts 1534 00:42:30,550 --> 00:42:30,560 and germany is to help train astronauts 1535 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:32,870 and germany is to help train astronauts to maneuver and rendezvous spacecraft 1536 00:42:32,870 --> 00:42:32,880 to maneuver and rendezvous spacecraft 1537 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:35,349 to maneuver and rendezvous spacecraft during flight the two-man spacecraft 1538 00:42:35,349 --> 00:42:35,359 during flight the two-man spacecraft 1539 00:42:35,359 --> 00:42:37,190 during flight the two-man spacecraft continues under design 1540 00:42:37,190 --> 00:42:37,200 continues under design 1541 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:39,270 continues under design acquisition of the titan ii rocket for 1542 00:42:39,270 --> 00:42:39,280 acquisition of the titan ii rocket for 1543 00:42:39,280 --> 00:42:42,150 acquisition of the titan ii rocket for gemini from the air force begins 1544 00:42:42,150 --> 00:42:42,160 gemini from the air force begins 1545 00:42:42,160 --> 00:42:44,069 gemini from the air force begins gemini is the intermediate project 1546 00:42:44,069 --> 00:42:44,079 gemini is the intermediate project 1547 00:42:44,079 --> 00:42:47,030 gemini is the intermediate project between earth orbital and manned lunar 1548 00:42:47,030 --> 00:42:47,040 between earth orbital and manned lunar 1549 00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:53,510 between earth orbital and manned lunar space flights 1550 00:42:53,510 --> 00:42:53,520 1551 00:42:53,520 --> 00:42:56,870 by october 1961 nasa is already 1552 00:42:56,870 --> 00:42:56,880 by october 1961 nasa is already 1553 00:42:56,880 --> 00:42:58,790 by october 1961 nasa is already receiving proposals for a three-man 1554 00:42:58,790 --> 00:42:58,800 receiving proposals for a three-man 1555 00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,109 receiving proposals for a three-man spacecraft for moon missions 1556 00:43:01,109 --> 00:43:01,119 spacecraft for moon missions 1557 00:43:01,119 --> 00:43:03,910 spacecraft for moon missions officials evaluate proposals engineers 1558 00:43:03,910 --> 00:43:03,920 officials evaluate proposals engineers 1559 00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:06,150 officials evaluate proposals engineers and scientists of project apollo meet 1560 00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:06,160 and scientists of project apollo meet 1561 00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:08,309 and scientists of project apollo meet with industry people to discuss design 1562 00:43:08,309 --> 00:43:08,319 with industry people to discuss design 1563 00:43:08,319 --> 00:43:10,550 with industry people to discuss design and building of the apollo craft 1564 00:43:10,550 --> 00:43:10,560 and building of the apollo craft 1565 00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:12,950 and building of the apollo craft companies present their models 1566 00:43:12,950 --> 00:43:12,960 companies present their models 1567 00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:15,510 companies present their models on november 29th officials select the 1568 00:43:15,510 --> 00:43:15,520 on november 29th officials select the 1569 00:43:15,520 --> 00:43:17,750 on november 29th officials select the north american aviation corporation of 1570 00:43:17,750 --> 00:43:17,760 north american aviation corporation of 1571 00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:20,150 north american aviation corporation of downey california to be the prime 1572 00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:20,160 downey california to be the prime 1573 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:23,030 downey california to be the prime contractor to produce apollo spacecraft 1574 00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:23,040 contractor to produce apollo spacecraft 1575 00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:26,230 contractor to produce apollo spacecraft during 1961 nasa puts four successful 1576 00:43:26,230 --> 00:43:26,240 during 1961 nasa puts four successful 1577 00:43:26,240 --> 00:43:29,030 during 1961 nasa puts four successful unmanned scientific satellites in orbit 1578 00:43:29,030 --> 00:43:29,040 unmanned scientific satellites in orbit 1579 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:31,109 unmanned scientific satellites in orbit other nasa satellites are only partly 1580 00:43:31,109 --> 00:43:31,119 other nasa satellites are only partly 1581 00:43:31,119 --> 00:43:32,390 other nasa satellites are only partly successful 1582 00:43:32,390 --> 00:43:32,400 successful 1583 00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:34,309 successful there are two good orbital tests of the 1584 00:43:34,309 --> 00:43:34,319 there are two good orbital tests of the 1585 00:43:34,319 --> 00:43:37,109 there are two good orbital tests of the mercury capsule without a man on board 1586 00:43:37,109 --> 00:43:37,119 mercury capsule without a man on board 1587 00:43:37,119 --> 00:43:39,829 mercury capsule without a man on board one of the flights carries a chimpanzee 1588 00:43:39,829 --> 00:43:39,839 one of the flights carries a chimpanzee 1589 00:43:39,839 --> 00:43:41,589 one of the flights carries a chimpanzee and there are two manned suborbital 1590 00:43:41,589 --> 00:43:41,599 and there are two manned suborbital 1591 00:43:41,599 --> 00:43:44,870 and there are two manned suborbital missions including shepard's flight 1592 00:43:44,870 --> 00:43:44,880 missions including shepard's flight 1593 00:43:44,880 --> 00:43:49,109 missions including shepard's flight workers launch explorer 10 march 25 1961 1594 00:43:49,109 --> 00:43:49,119 workers launch explorer 10 march 25 1961 1595 00:43:49,119 --> 00:43:51,510 workers launch explorer 10 march 25 1961 the 79 pound satellite gathers facts 1596 00:43:51,510 --> 00:43:51,520 the 79 pound satellite gathers facts 1597 00:43:51,520 --> 00:43:54,230 the 79 pound satellite gathers facts about solar wind earth's magnetic field 1598 00:43:54,230 --> 00:43:54,240 about solar wind earth's magnetic field 1599 00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:56,870 about solar wind earth's magnetic field and its reaction to solar flares 1600 00:43:56,870 --> 00:43:56,880 and its reaction to solar flares 1601 00:43:56,880 --> 00:44:00,390 and its reaction to solar flares in april 1961 nasa launches the 82 pound 1602 00:44:00,390 --> 00:44:00,400 in april 1961 nasa launches the 82 pound 1603 00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:03,349 in april 1961 nasa launches the 82 pound explorer 11 it detects gamma rays from 1604 00:44:03,349 --> 00:44:03,359 explorer 11 it detects gamma rays from 1605 00:44:03,359 --> 00:44:05,510 explorer 11 it detects gamma rays from cosmic sources and maps their locations 1606 00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:05,520 cosmic sources and maps their locations 1607 00:44:05,520 --> 00:44:06,710 cosmic sources and maps their locations in the sky 1608 00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:06,720 in the sky 1609 00:44:06,720 --> 00:44:08,550 in the sky this is the first try of that kind of 1610 00:44:08,550 --> 00:44:08,560 this is the first try of that kind of 1611 00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:10,870 this is the first try of that kind of satellite space astronomy 1612 00:44:10,870 --> 00:44:10,880 satellite space astronomy 1613 00:44:10,880 --> 00:44:12,630 satellite space astronomy scientists and engineers put another 1614 00:44:12,630 --> 00:44:12,640 scientists and engineers put another 1615 00:44:12,640 --> 00:44:14,870 scientists and engineers put another successful tyros weather satellite in 1616 00:44:14,870 --> 00:44:14,880 successful tyros weather satellite in 1617 00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:15,670 successful tyros weather satellite in orbit 1618 00:44:15,670 --> 00:44:15,680 orbit 1619 00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:18,710 orbit and in august 1961 nasa launches the 1620 00:44:18,710 --> 00:44:18,720 and in august 1961 nasa launches the 1621 00:44:18,720 --> 00:44:20,710 and in august 1961 nasa launches the explorer 12 satellite into a highly 1622 00:44:20,710 --> 00:44:20,720 explorer 12 satellite into a highly 1623 00:44:20,720 --> 00:44:22,630 explorer 12 satellite into a highly elliptical earth orbit 1624 00:44:22,630 --> 00:44:22,640 elliptical earth orbit 1625 00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:25,270 elliptical earth orbit explorer 12 investigates solar wind 1626 00:44:25,270 --> 00:44:25,280 explorer 12 investigates solar wind 1627 00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:27,990 explorer 12 investigates solar wind interplanetary magnetic fields energetic 1628 00:44:27,990 --> 00:44:28,000 interplanetary magnetic fields energetic 1629 00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:30,550 interplanetary magnetic fields energetic particles and the van allen belt the 1630 00:44:30,550 --> 00:44:30,560 particles and the van allen belt the 1631 00:44:30,560 --> 00:44:32,630 particles and the van allen belt the second manned suborbital u.s space 1632 00:44:32,630 --> 00:44:32,640 second manned suborbital u.s space 1633 00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:34,870 second manned suborbital u.s space flight with astronaut virgil grissom 1634 00:44:34,870 --> 00:44:34,880 flight with astronaut virgil grissom 1635 00:44:34,880 --> 00:44:36,390 flight with astronaut virgil grissom aboard is a success 1636 00:44:36,390 --> 00:44:36,400 aboard is a success 1637 00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:38,470 aboard is a success but the spacecraft is to sink in the 1638 00:44:38,470 --> 00:44:38,480 but the spacecraft is to sink in the 1639 00:44:38,480 --> 00:44:51,109 but the spacecraft is to sink in the ocean 1640 00:44:51,109 --> 00:44:51,119 1641 00:44:51,119 --> 00:44:54,710 grissom experiences one and a half g's 1642 00:44:54,710 --> 00:44:54,720 grissom experiences one and a half g's 1643 00:44:54,720 --> 00:44:56,630 grissom experiences one and a half g's the flight surgeon closely watches the 1644 00:44:56,630 --> 00:44:56,640 the flight surgeon closely watches the 1645 00:44:56,640 --> 00:44:58,950 the flight surgeon closely watches the test pilot's condition during flight 1646 00:44:58,950 --> 00:44:58,960 test pilot's condition during flight 1647 00:44:58,960 --> 00:45:01,430 test pilot's condition during flight grissom's vital signs are okay 1648 00:45:01,430 --> 00:45:01,440 grissom's vital signs are okay 1649 00:45:01,440 --> 00:45:03,430 grissom's vital signs are okay at engine cut off the spacecraft makes 1650 00:45:03,430 --> 00:45:03,440 at engine cut off the spacecraft makes 1651 00:45:03,440 --> 00:45:05,589 at engine cut off the spacecraft makes its turn around and the astronaut is 1652 00:45:05,589 --> 00:45:05,599 its turn around and the astronaut is 1653 00:45:05,599 --> 00:45:11,990 its turn around and the astronaut is weightless 1654 00:45:11,990 --> 00:45:12,000 1655 00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:13,990 the retrieval helicopters are within two 1656 00:45:13,990 --> 00:45:14,000 the retrieval helicopters are within two 1657 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:16,309 the retrieval helicopters are within two miles of the landing point grissom says 1658 00:45:16,309 --> 00:45:16,319 miles of the landing point grissom says 1659 00:45:16,319 --> 00:45:18,630 miles of the landing point grissom says he's ready for pickup as the lead 1660 00:45:18,630 --> 00:45:18,640 he's ready for pickup as the lead 1661 00:45:18,640 --> 00:45:21,109 he's ready for pickup as the lead helicopter moves in to hook the capsule 1662 00:45:21,109 --> 00:45:21,119 helicopter moves in to hook the capsule 1663 00:45:21,119 --> 00:45:23,510 helicopter moves in to hook the capsule the side hatch is blown off grissom 1664 00:45:23,510 --> 00:45:23,520 the side hatch is blown off grissom 1665 00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:26,309 the side hatch is blown off grissom leaves the rapidly filling spacecraft 1666 00:45:26,309 --> 00:45:26,319 leaves the rapidly filling spacecraft 1667 00:45:26,319 --> 00:45:28,309 leaves the rapidly filling spacecraft the recovery helicopter struggles with 1668 00:45:28,309 --> 00:45:28,319 the recovery helicopter struggles with 1669 00:45:28,319 --> 00:45:30,710 the recovery helicopter struggles with the almost submerged craft 1670 00:45:30,710 --> 00:45:30,720 the almost submerged craft 1671 00:45:30,720 --> 00:45:32,630 the almost submerged craft the helicopter is over taxed by a 1672 00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:32,640 the helicopter is over taxed by a 1673 00:45:32,640 --> 00:45:34,950 the helicopter is over taxed by a thousand pounds a second recovery 1674 00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:34,960 thousand pounds a second recovery 1675 00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:36,710 thousand pounds a second recovery helicopter moves in to pick up the 1676 00:45:36,710 --> 00:45:36,720 helicopter moves in to pick up the 1677 00:45:36,720 --> 00:45:39,190 helicopter moves in to pick up the astronaut grissom has trouble staying 1678 00:45:39,190 --> 00:45:39,200 astronaut grissom has trouble staying 1679 00:45:39,200 --> 00:45:40,710 astronaut grissom has trouble staying afloat 1680 00:45:40,710 --> 00:45:40,720 afloat 1681 00:45:40,720 --> 00:45:42,790 afloat after four anxious minutes grissom 1682 00:45:42,790 --> 00:45:42,800 after four anxious minutes grissom 1683 00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:46,150 after four anxious minutes grissom struggles into the horse collar 1684 00:45:46,150 --> 00:45:46,160 struggles into the horse collar 1685 00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:48,230 struggles into the horse collar the lead helicopter's motor apparently 1686 00:45:48,230 --> 00:45:48,240 the lead helicopter's motor apparently 1687 00:45:48,240 --> 00:46:05,030 the lead helicopter's motor apparently malfunctions the spacecraft drops 1688 00:46:05,030 --> 00:46:05,040 1689 00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:07,349 project mercury continues in high gear 1690 00:46:07,349 --> 00:46:07,359 project mercury continues in high gear 1691 00:46:07,359 --> 00:46:09,990 project mercury continues in high gear pointing toward a manned orbital mission 1692 00:46:09,990 --> 00:46:10,000 pointing toward a manned orbital mission 1693 00:46:10,000 --> 00:46:12,870 pointing toward a manned orbital mission on september 13 nasa puts an unmanned 1694 00:46:12,870 --> 00:46:12,880 on september 13 nasa puts an unmanned 1695 00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:14,550 on september 13 nasa puts an unmanned mercury into orbit 1696 00:46:14,550 --> 00:46:14,560 mercury into orbit 1697 00:46:14,560 --> 00:46:16,630 mercury into orbit one test objective is met early in 1698 00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:16,640 one test objective is met early in 1699 00:46:16,640 --> 00:46:17,670 one test objective is met early in flight 1700 00:46:17,670 --> 00:46:17,680 flight 1701 00:46:17,680 --> 00:46:19,829 flight the atlas releases the spacecraft into 1702 00:46:19,829 --> 00:46:19,839 the atlas releases the spacecraft into 1703 00:46:19,839 --> 00:46:22,870 the atlas releases the spacecraft into proper orbit 1704 00:46:22,870 --> 00:46:22,880 1705 00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:25,510 one hour and 49 minutes after launch the 1706 00:46:25,510 --> 00:46:25,520 one hour and 49 minutes after launch the 1707 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:27,750 one hour and 49 minutes after launch the spacecraft lands 200 miles east of 1708 00:46:27,750 --> 00:46:27,760 spacecraft lands 200 miles east of 1709 00:46:27,760 --> 00:46:33,510 spacecraft lands 200 miles east of bermuda 1710 00:46:33,510 --> 00:46:33,520 1711 00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:35,510 enis the chimpanzee makes a mercury 1712 00:46:35,510 --> 00:46:35,520 enis the chimpanzee makes a mercury 1713 00:46:35,520 --> 00:46:38,390 enis the chimpanzee makes a mercury flight in november 1961. 1714 00:46:38,390 --> 00:46:38,400 flight in november 1961. 1715 00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:40,630 flight in november 1961. the chimpanzee arrives at cape canaveral 1716 00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:40,640 the chimpanzee arrives at cape canaveral 1717 00:46:40,640 --> 00:46:42,710 the chimpanzee arrives at cape canaveral from holloman air force base 1718 00:46:42,710 --> 00:46:42,720 from holloman air force base 1719 00:46:42,720 --> 00:46:45,030 from holloman air force base workers put the chimp in a special couch 1720 00:46:45,030 --> 00:46:45,040 workers put the chimp in a special couch 1721 00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:47,430 workers put the chimp in a special couch with testers in a pallet and water 1722 00:46:47,430 --> 00:46:47,440 with testers in a pallet and water 1723 00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:50,710 with testers in a pallet and water feeder 1724 00:46:50,710 --> 00:46:50,720 1725 00:46:50,720 --> 00:46:53,510 he is 39 pounds 1726 00:46:53,510 --> 00:46:53,520 he is 39 pounds 1727 00:46:53,520 --> 00:46:55,829 he is 39 pounds during pre-launch testing enos is 1728 00:46:55,829 --> 00:46:55,839 during pre-launch testing enos is 1729 00:46:55,839 --> 00:46:57,270 during pre-launch testing enos is connected to the spacecraft's 1730 00:46:57,270 --> 00:46:57,280 connected to the spacecraft's 1731 00:46:57,280 --> 00:46:59,990 connected to the spacecraft's environmental system 1732 00:46:59,990 --> 00:47:00,000 environmental system 1733 00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:02,230 environmental system fitted with numerous biosensors the 1734 00:47:02,230 --> 00:47:02,240 fitted with numerous biosensors the 1735 00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:18,470 fitted with numerous biosensors the primate does tests 1736 00:47:18,470 --> 00:47:18,480 1737 00:47:18,480 --> 00:47:20,950 later nasa launches mercury with enos 1738 00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:20,960 later nasa launches mercury with enos 1739 00:47:20,960 --> 00:48:08,790 later nasa launches mercury with enos aboard 1740 00:48:08,790 --> 00:48:08,800 1741 00:48:08,800 --> 00:48:10,550 about an hour into the flight the 1742 00:48:10,550 --> 00:48:10,560 about an hour into the flight the 1743 00:48:10,560 --> 00:48:14,230 about an hour into the flight the spacecraft passes over mushay australia 1744 00:48:14,230 --> 00:48:14,240 spacecraft passes over mushay australia 1745 00:48:14,240 --> 00:48:16,630 spacecraft passes over mushay australia then five minutes later the wumera 1746 00:48:16,630 --> 00:48:16,640 then five minutes later the wumera 1747 00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:18,870 then five minutes later the wumera australia tracking station confirms that 1748 00:48:18,870 --> 00:48:18,880 australia tracking station confirms that 1749 00:48:18,880 --> 00:48:23,270 australia tracking station confirms that all systems are green 1750 00:48:23,270 --> 00:48:23,280 1751 00:48:23,280 --> 00:48:26,150 a 16 millimeter camera gives a periscope 1752 00:48:26,150 --> 00:48:26,160 a 16 millimeter camera gives a periscope 1753 00:48:26,160 --> 00:48:28,549 a 16 millimeter camera gives a periscope eye view of the cloud formations and the 1754 00:48:28,549 --> 00:48:28,559 eye view of the cloud formations and the 1755 00:48:28,559 --> 00:48:30,950 eye view of the cloud formations and the island dotted pacific on a condensed 1756 00:48:30,950 --> 00:48:30,960 island dotted pacific on a condensed 1757 00:48:30,960 --> 00:48:35,270 island dotted pacific on a condensed time film 1758 00:48:35,270 --> 00:48:35,280 1759 00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:37,510 going into the second orbit tracking 1760 00:48:37,510 --> 00:48:37,520 going into the second orbit tracking 1761 00:48:37,520 --> 00:48:39,430 going into the second orbit tracking stations report steadily rising 1762 00:48:39,430 --> 00:48:39,440 stations report steadily rising 1763 00:48:39,440 --> 00:48:43,910 stations report steadily rising spacecraft temperatures 1764 00:48:43,910 --> 00:48:43,920 1765 00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:45,510 midway through the first leg of the 1766 00:48:45,510 --> 00:48:45,520 midway through the first leg of the 1767 00:48:45,520 --> 00:48:48,309 midway through the first leg of the second orbit cano nigeria reports the 1768 00:48:48,309 --> 00:48:48,319 second orbit cano nigeria reports the 1769 00:48:48,319 --> 00:48:50,470 second orbit cano nigeria reports the spacecraft is reporting intermittent 1770 00:48:50,470 --> 00:48:50,480 spacecraft is reporting intermittent 1771 00:48:50,480 --> 00:48:53,270 spacecraft is reporting intermittent roll and ignore signals 1772 00:48:53,270 --> 00:48:53,280 roll and ignore signals 1773 00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:55,510 roll and ignore signals a slight rise in the chimps temperature 1774 00:48:55,510 --> 00:48:55,520 a slight rise in the chimps temperature 1775 00:48:55,520 --> 00:49:05,670 a slight rise in the chimps temperature concerns flight surgeons 1776 00:49:05,670 --> 00:49:05,680 1777 00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:07,430 officials decide not to fly the 1778 00:49:07,430 --> 00:49:07,440 officials decide not to fly the 1779 00:49:07,440 --> 00:49:09,750 officials decide not to fly the spacecraft into a third orbit and they 1780 00:49:09,750 --> 00:49:09,760 spacecraft into a third orbit and they 1781 00:49:09,760 --> 00:49:18,230 spacecraft into a third orbit and they order retrofire 1782 00:49:18,230 --> 00:49:18,240 1783 00:49:18,240 --> 00:49:20,470 the descent landing and recovery are all 1784 00:49:20,470 --> 00:49:20,480 the descent landing and recovery are all 1785 00:49:20,480 --> 00:49:31,910 the descent landing and recovery are all normal 1786 00:49:31,910 --> 00:49:31,920 1787 00:49:31,920 --> 00:49:33,750 that afternoon at a press conference 1788 00:49:33,750 --> 00:49:33,760 that afternoon at a press conference 1789 00:49:33,760 --> 00:49:36,470 that afternoon at a press conference held at cape canaveral nasa officials 1790 00:49:36,470 --> 00:49:36,480 held at cape canaveral nasa officials 1791 00:49:36,480 --> 00:49:37,990 held at cape canaveral nasa officials say that they are pleased with the 1792 00:49:37,990 --> 00:49:38,000 say that they are pleased with the 1793 00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:39,109 say that they are pleased with the flight 1794 00:49:39,109 --> 00:49:39,119 flight 1795 00:49:39,119 --> 00:49:41,430 flight astronaut john glenn is test pilot for 1796 00:49:41,430 --> 00:49:41,440 astronaut john glenn is test pilot for 1797 00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:43,349 astronaut john glenn is test pilot for the upcoming first manned orbital 1798 00:49:43,349 --> 00:49:43,359 the upcoming first manned orbital 1799 00:49:43,359 --> 00:49:44,950 the upcoming first manned orbital mercury mission 1800 00:49:44,950 --> 00:49:44,960 mercury mission 1801 00:49:44,960 --> 00:49:49,630 mercury mission astronaut carpenter is back up 1802 00:49:49,630 --> 00:49:49,640 1803 00:49:49,640 --> 00:49:53,270 1961 is coming to a close and enos the 1804 00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:53,280 1961 is coming to a close and enos the 1805 00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:55,750 1961 is coming to a close and enos the space-faring champ returns triumphantly 1806 00:49:55,750 --> 00:49:55,760 space-faring champ returns triumphantly 1807 00:49:55,760 --> 00:50:12,470 space-faring champ returns triumphantly in december to the cape 1808 00:50:12,470 --> 00:50:12,480 1809 00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:14,549 meanwhile the mercury capsule undergoes 1810 00:50:14,549 --> 00:50:14,559 meanwhile the mercury capsule undergoes 1811 00:50:14,559 --> 00:50:49,589 meanwhile the mercury capsule undergoes further tests 1812 00:50:49,589 --> 00:50:49,599 1813 00:50:49,599 --> 00:50:51,430 there are two water landing tests in 1814 00:50:51,430 --> 00:50:51,440 there are two water landing tests in 1815 00:50:51,440 --> 00:51:02,790 there are two water landing tests in december 1961 1816 00:51:02,790 --> 00:51:02,800 1817 00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:06,470 and so 1961 ends and in that year nasa 1818 00:51:06,470 --> 00:51:06,480 and so 1961 ends and in that year nasa 1819 00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:08,549 and so 1961 ends and in that year nasa begins to work on the big job of sending 1820 00:51:08,549 --> 00:51:08,559 begins to work on the big job of sending 1821 00:51:08,559 --> 00:51:11,190 begins to work on the big job of sending men to the moon and back 1822 00:51:11,190 --> 00:51:11,200 men to the moon and back 1823 00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:14,150 men to the moon and back roger zero g and i feel fine capsule is 1824 00:51:14,150 --> 00:51:14,160 roger zero g and i feel fine capsule is 1825 00:51:14,160 --> 00:51:16,069 roger zero g and i feel fine capsule is turning during our next episode we see 1826 00:51:16,069 --> 00:51:16,079 turning during our next episode we see 1827 00:51:16,079 --> 00:51:18,309 turning during our next episode we see film of john glenn making the first u.s 1828 00:51:18,309 --> 00:51:18,319 film of john glenn making the first u.s 1829 00:51:18,319 --> 00:51:21,750 film of john glenn making the first u.s space flight around the world in 1830 00:51:21,750 --> 00:51:21,760 space flight around the world in 1831 00:51:21,760 --> 00:51:23,589 space flight around the world in and 1962 continue the saga of nasa 1832 00:51:23,589 --> 00:51:23,599 and 1962 continue the saga of nasa 1833 00:51:23,599 --> 00:51:26,630 and 1962 continue the saga of nasa during 25 years of progress 1834 00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:26,640 during 25 years of progress 1835 00:51:26,640 --> 00:52:48,710 during 25 years of progress i'm lynn bondurant 1836 00:52:48,710 --> 00:52:48,720 1837 00:52:48,720 --> 00:53:15,910 oh 1838 00:53:15,910 --> 00:53:15,920 1839 00:53:15,920 --> 00:56:19,510 so 1840 00:56:19,510 --> 00:56:19,520 1841 00:56:19,520 --> 00:56:52,470 so 1842 00:56:52,470 --> 00:56:52,480 1843 00:56:52,480 --> 00:57:02,150 um 1844 00:57:02,150 --> 00:57:02,160 1845 00:57:02,160 --> 00:57:30,309 so 1846 00:57:30,309 --> 00:57:30,319 1847 00:57:30,319 --> 00:57:43,510 roger clubby on the roll 1848 00:57:43,510 --> 00:57:43,520 1849 00:57:43,520 --> 00:58:49,109 columbia houston your go at 40. 1850 00:58:49,109 --> 00:58:49,119 1851 00:58:49,119 --> 00:58:51,200 you